Exam 5: Learning

Charlie Parker has experienced several pairings of electric shock with the Debbie Gibson song "Reverse Psychology" and has been successfully conditioned to react with anxiety to the song. Now, instead of being paired with the shock, the song is paired with a flashing green light (a previously neutral stimulus). If Charlie still reacts with anxiety when the green light is flashed without the song, he will have

Austin is a very aggressive child who watches a lot of violent programs on television. Research has found a statistically significant, positive correlation between watching television and behaving aggressively. Based on this correlational evidence, which of the following statements is true about Austin's aggression?

Martina's upstairs neighbors play their stereo loudly. Martina hates loud music and has found that if she bangs on the ceiling with a broom, they turn the volume down. Now, as soon as the loud music starts, Martina bangs on the ceiling and it is muted. This is an example of

Han is fearful of the powerful Jabba. Han becomes fearful when he hears Jabba's low voice, but lately he becomes fearful when he hears any low rumbling voice. What phenomenon best explains Han's tendency to become fearful when hearing any low voice?

Any response followed by a pleasant or desirable outcome is likely to be repeated. At the same time, responses followed by unpleasant consequences are less likely to be repeated. According to the textbook, this is the law of

Which of the following is true about the relationship between violence and watching violent TV?

Betsy wants to train her dog to perform several tricks. She checks out a book on dog training that includes a chapter on how to use classical conditioning. Betsy learns that a dog is least likely to learn a conditioned response when the

One of the most difficult problems for any teacher is a child who consistently disrupts class. Researchers have shown that giving attention in the form of scolding to a disruptive child actually increases the child's misbehavior. In the terms of operant conditioning, the scolding is a

Whenever your English teacher is giving a quiz, he carries the copies of the quiz into the room in a black box, and you react with anticipation. If he walks into the room with any other color box, you know that it is not a quiz and feel no anticipation. This illustrates the concept of stimulus

Which of the following statements about cultural differences in scholastic achievement is true?

According to Solomon's opponent-process theory, extended heroin use creates a conditioned bodily response that __________ the "high" that the user experiences.

In an experiment, a flash of light is paired with a mild electric shock to a subject's finger. After several trials, the subject begins to pull the finger away after seeing the flash of light. The experimenter then begins to present just the flash, but no shock. After several presentations of the flash with no shock, the subject will

Teaching assistants are paid a meager sum of money once a month, whether they work hard or not. This type of payment plan demonstrates a __________ reinforcement schedule.

Every time Bert slices onions, the onions burn his eyes and tears run down his face. One day he opened the silverware drawer and pulled out the knife that he uses only to peel onions and immediately started to shed tears from the sight of the knife. In this situation, the onion is the __________, and the knife is the __________.

Chuck works on the assembly line at Widgets, Inc. Because he is a union employee, he is paid $10 for every fifteen widgets he makes. His coworker, Sally, is a nonunion worker and is paid only when the company makes money, which averages out to be two times per month. Chuck is reinforced on a __________ schedule, while Sally is reinforced on a __________ schedule.

Continued gambling behavior is best explained in terms of which process of learning?

Keren decides to try cotton candy for the first time. She enjoys it, but unfortunately, later that day Keren comes down with the stomach flu. Now the smell or thought of cotton candy makes her shudder and feel slightly nauseous. This is an example of

Two-year-old Hannah said the word hell in the middle of dinner, and her parents immediately stopped talking to each other and scolded her. They spent the rest of the meal paying close attention to what Hannah said. Later, Hannah says hell repeatedly, and each time her parents spend time talking to her and paying attention to her. In this situation, the parents' attention is a __________, and Hannah's inappropriate language is a(n)__________.

Hai-ri is trying to decide whether to allow her children to watch violent television programs. They enjoy seeing detective shows, but Hai-ri worries that seeing people hurt will make her children more likely to use violence themselves. According to the textbook, which of the following should you tell Hai-ri?

While watching his favorite television show at a friend's house, Chiane is served nachos with jalapeno peppers. Chiane doesn't know that he has already contracted a stomach virus, and later that night, he begins vomiting violently. For several months after this, he cannot eat nachos or anything with jalapeno peppers. This is a demonstration of