Question 1

The neuromuscular blocking agent that resembles acetylcholine in chemical structure is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Succinylcholine 
B)  Pancuronium 
C)  Vecuronium 
D)  Cisatracurium 
A)  Succinylcholine 
B)  Pancuronium 
C)  Vecuronium 
D)  Cisatracurium A

Question 2

Which of the following describes moderate sedation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The patient can respond to verbal commands, although cognitive function may be impaired. 
B)  The patient is not easily aroused but can respond to painful stimulation. 
C)  The patient can perform purposeful response following repeated or painful stimulation. 
D)  The patient cannot be aroused, even by painful stimulation. 
A)  The patient can respond to verbal commands, although cognitive function may be impaired. 
B)  The patient is not easily aroused but can respond to painful stimulation. 
C)  The patient can perform purposeful response following repeated or painful stimulation. 
D)  The patient cannot be aroused, even by painful stimulation. C

Question 3

Caution should be used when administering propofol for longer than 48 hours in pediatric patients because of what adverse effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lethargy 
B)  Lactic acidosis 
C)  Cardiac dysrhythmias 
D)  Reduced cerebral blood flow 
A)  Lethargy 
B)  Lactic acidosis 
C)  Cardiac dysrhythmias 
D)  Reduced cerebral blood flow B

Question 4

Neuromuscular blocking agents are commonly used in mechanically ventilated patients when which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  The patient is in severe pain. 
B)  Cardiac arrhythmias are present. 
C)  The patient develops anxiety as a result of ICU psychosis. 
D)  Patient-ventilator dyssynchrony cannot be corrected. 
A)  The patient is in severe pain. 
B)  Cardiac arrhythmias are present. 
C)  The patient develops anxiety as a result of ICU psychosis. 
D)  Patient-ventilator dyssynchrony cannot be corrected.

Question 5

Which of the following drugs has the potential for causing bronchospasm in patients with asthma and hypersensitive airways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fentanyl 
B)  Propofol 
C)  Diazepam 
D)  Morphine 
A)  Fentanyl 
B)  Propofol 
C)  Diazepam 
D)  Morphine

Question 6

What range of scores on the Ramsay Sedation Scale indicates adequate sedation?

Accepted Answer

A)  1-3 
B)  2-4 
C)  3-5 
D)  5-6 
A)  1-3 
B)  2-4 
C)  3-5 
D)  5-6

Question 7

A patient who is receiving mechanical ventilation in the ICU is found to be wildly agitated.The most appropriate drug to control this delirium is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Propofol 
B)  Fentanyl 
C)  Haloperidol 
D)  Lorazepam 
A)  Propofol 
B)  Fentanyl 
C)  Haloperidol 
D)  Lorazepam

Question 8

A patient with hypovolemic shock secondary to widespread second- and third-degree burns is being mechanically ventilated.The patient appears agitated,and the respiratory therapist is unable to synchronize the ventilator to the patient.Which drug can the respiratory therapist suggest to the ICU team to sedate this patient and synchronize ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fentanyl 
B)  Morphine 
C)  Propofol 
D)  Succinylcholine 
A)  Fentanyl 
B)  Morphine 
C)  Propofol 
D)  Succinylcholine

Question 9

Which of the following is the sedation scale that uses a graduated single category?

Accepted Answer

A)  Comfort Scale 
B)  Motor Activity Assessment Scale 
C)  Ramsay Sedation Scale 
D)  Sedation-Agitation Scale 
A)  Comfort Scale 
B)  Motor Activity Assessment Scale 
C)  Ramsay Sedation Scale 
D)  Sedation-Agitation Scale

Question 10

The paralytic agent associated with precipitation of malignant hyperthermia is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vecuronium 
B)  Cisatracurium 
C)  Pancuronium 
D)  Succinylcholine 
A)  Vecuronium 
B)  Cisatracurium 
C)  Pancuronium 
D)  Succinylcholine

Question 11

Permissive hypercapnia is needed to protect patients with ARDS from atelectrauma.Which of the following medications is appropriate to facilitate this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Propofol 
B)  Fentanyl 
C)  Midazolam 
D)  Cisatracurium 
A)  Propofol 
B)  Fentanyl 
C)  Midazolam 
D)  Cisatracurium

Question 12

The drug of choice for sedating mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU for longer than 24 hours is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lorazepam (Ativan) 
B)  Midazolam (Versed) 
C)  Diazepam (Valium) 
D)  Propofol (Diprivan) 
A)  Lorazepam (Ativan) 
B)  Midazolam (Versed) 
C)  Diazepam (Valium) 
D)  Propofol (Diprivan)

Question 13

What drug reverses the sedative effects of benzodiazepines?

Accepted Answer

A)  Naloxone 
B)  Flumazenil 
C)  Fentanyl 
D)  Vecuronium 
A)  Naloxone 
B)  Flumazenil 
C)  Fentanyl 
D)  Vecuronium

Question 14

The group of drugs that interact with GABA receptor complex on neurons in the brain is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Opioids 
B)  Paralytics 
C)  Benzodiazepines 
D)  Depolarizing agents 
A)  Opioids 
B)  Paralytics 
C)  Benzodiazepines 
D)  Depolarizing agents

Question 15

The train-of-four response is used to assess a patient's level of paralysis during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation,and the patient's foot twitches four times.The most appropriate evaluation of this circumstance is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nothing need be done; paralysis is adequate. 
B)  The paralyzing agent is moderately effective. 
C)  The paralyzing agent needs to be readministered. 
D)  Propofol needs to be added to enhance the effect. 
A)  Nothing need be done; paralysis is adequate. 
B)  The paralyzing agent is moderately effective. 
C)  The paralyzing agent needs to be readministered. 
D)  Propofol needs to be added to enhance the effect.

Question 16

A patient with head trauma and an elevated ICP is being ventilated postoperatively and shows signs of asynchrony with the mechanical ventilator.The most appropriate medication to sedate this patient is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Morphine 
B)  Propofol 
C)  Propofol and morphine 
D)  Fentanyl 
A)  Morphine 
B)  Propofol 
C)  Propofol and morphine 
D)  Fentanyl

Question 17

A mechanically ventilated patient is being assessed for her level of sedation.The patient is semiasleep and responds to verbal commands.What score on the Ramsay Sedation Scale should be assigned to this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5

The neuromuscular blocking agent that resembles acetylcholine in chemical structure is which of the following?

Which of the following describes moderate sedation?

Caution should be used when administering propofol for longer than 48 hours in pediatric patients because of what adverse effect?

Neuromuscular blocking agents are commonly used in mechanically ventilated patients when which of the following occurs?

Which of the following drugs has the potential for causing bronchospasm in patients with asthma and hypersensitive airways?

What range of scores on the Ramsay Sedation Scale indicates adequate sedation?

A patient who is receiving mechanical ventilation in the ICU is found to be wildly agitated.The most appropriate drug to control this delirium is which of the following?

Which of the following is the sedation scale that uses a graduated single category?

The paralytic agent associated with precipitation of malignant hyperthermia is which of the following?

Permissive hypercapnia is needed to protect patients with ARDS from atelectrauma.Which of the following medications is appropriate to facilitate this?

The drug of choice for sedating mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU for longer than 24 hours is which of the following?

What drug reverses the sedative effects of benzodiazepines?

The group of drugs that interact with GABA receptor complex on neurons in the brain is which of the following?

The train-of-four response is used to assess a patient's level of paralysis during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation,and the patient's foot twitches four times.The most appropriate evaluation of this circumstance is which of the following?

A patient with head trauma and an elevated ICP is being ventilated postoperatively and shows signs of asynchrony with the mechanical ventilator.The most appropriate medication to sedate this patient is which of the following?

A mechanically ventilated patient is being assessed for her level of sedation.The patient is semiasleep and responds to verbal commands.What score on the Ramsay Sedation Scale should be assigned to this patient?

Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation

How Ventilators Work

How a Breath Is Delivered

Establishing the Need for Mechanical Ventilation

Selecting the Ventilator and the Mode

Initial Ventilator Settings

Final Considerations in Ventilator Setup

Initial Patient Assessment

Ventilator Graphics

Assessment of Respiratory Function

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Methods to Improve Ventilation in Patient-Ventilator Management

Improving Oxygenation and Management of ARDS

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Extrapulmonary Effects of Mechanical Ventilation

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Pulmonary System

Troubleshooting and Problem Solving

Basic Concepts of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation

Weaning and Discontinuation from Mechanical Ventilation

Long-Term Ventilation

Neonatal and Pediatric Ventilation

Special Techniques in Ventilatory Support

Filters

Exam 15: Sedatives, Analgesics, and Paralytics

The neuromuscular blocking agent that resembles acetylcholine in chemical structure is which of the following?

Which of the following describes moderate sedation?

Caution should be used when administering propofol for longer than 48 hours in pediatric patients because of what adverse effect?

Neuromuscular blocking agents are commonly used in mechanically ventilated patients when which of the following occurs?

Which of the following drugs has the potential for causing bronchospasm in patients with asthma and hypersensitive airways?

What range of scores on the Ramsay Sedation Scale indicates adequate sedation?

A patient who is receiving mechanical ventilation in the ICU is found to be wildly agitated.The most appropriate drug to control this delirium is which of the following?

Which of the following is the sedation scale that uses a graduated single category?

The paralytic agent associated with precipitation of malignant hyperthermia is which of the following?

Permissive hypercapnia is needed to protect patients with ARDS from atelectrauma.Which of the following medications is appropriate to facilitate this?

The drug of choice for sedating mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU for longer than 24 hours is which of the following?

What drug reverses the sedative effects of benzodiazepines?

The group of drugs that interact with GABA receptor complex on neurons in the brain is which of the following?

The train-of-four response is used to assess a patient's level of paralysis during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation,and the patient's foot twitches four times.The most appropriate evaluation of this circumstance is which of the following?

A patient with head trauma and an elevated ICP is being ventilated postoperatively and shows signs of asynchrony with the mechanical ventilator.The most appropriate medication to sedate this patient is which of the following?

A mechanically ventilated patient is being assessed for her level of sedation.The patient is semiasleep and responds to verbal commands.What score on the Ramsay Sedation Scale should be assigned to this patient?

Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation

How Ventilators Work

How a Breath Is Delivered

Establishing the Need for Mechanical Ventilation

Selecting the Ventilator and the Mode

Initial Ventilator Settings

Final Considerations in Ventilator Setup

Initial Patient Assessment

Ventilator Graphics

Assessment of Respiratory Function

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Methods to Improve Ventilation in Patient-Ventilator Management

Improving Oxygenation and Management of ARDS

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Extrapulmonary Effects of Mechanical Ventilation

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Pulmonary System

Troubleshooting and Problem Solving

Basic Concepts of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation

Weaning and Discontinuation from Mechanical Ventilation

Long-Term Ventilation

Neonatal and Pediatric Ventilation

Special Techniques in Ventilatory Support

Filters