Question 1

In which of the following situations would NIV be tried?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient in whom blood pressure is 65/35, heart rate is 150 beats/min, and respiratory frequency is 34 breaths/min 
B)  Patient who nearly drowned who has copious amounts of white, frothy secretions 
C)  Patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COP
D)  and right lower-lobe pneumonia with respiratory acidosis and increased work of breathing (WO
B)  
D)  A 5-year-old child who has aspirated a piece of chicken and is having trouble breathing 
A)  Patient in whom blood pressure is 65/35, heart rate is 150 beats/min, and respiratory frequency is 34 breaths/min 
B)  Patient who nearly drowned who has copious amounts of white, frothy secretions 
C)  Patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COP
D)  and right lower-lobe pneumonia with respiratory acidosis and increased work of breathing (WO
B)  
D)  A 5-year-old child who has aspirated a piece of chicken and is having trouble breathing C

Question 2

Partial ventilatory support can be provided by which of the following ventilator modes?
1)Pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV)set rate 8 breaths/min
2)Volume-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (VC-IMV)set rate 4 breaths/min
3)Pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (PC-IMV)set rate 10 breaths/min
4)VC-MMV set Ve8 L/min

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 only 
B)  2 and 3 only 
C)  2 and 4 only 
D)  3 and 4 only 
A)  1 and 2 only 
B)  2 and 3 only 
C)  2 and 4 only 
D)  3 and 4 only C

Question 3

During volume control ventilation a patient's airway resistance increases.This change will cause which of the following to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase in delivered volume 
B)  Increase in peak airway pressure 
C)  Decrease in plateau pressure 
D)  Decrease in peak airway pressure 
A)  Increase in delivered volume 
B)  Increase in peak airway pressure 
C)  Decrease in plateau pressure 
D)  Decrease in peak airway pressure B

Question 4

Which mode of ventilation is shown in the pressure-time scalar in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (PC-IMV) with pressure support (PS) 
B)  Volume-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (VC-IMV) with pressure support (PS) 
C)  Pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV) 
D)  Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) 
A)  Pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (PC-IMV) with pressure support (PS) 
B)  Volume-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (VC-IMV) with pressure support (PS) 
C)  Pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV) 
D)  Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV)

Question 5

Of the following breath descriptions,which one is considered spontaneous?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flow triggered, pressure limited, flow cycled 
B)  Time triggered, volume limited, volume cycled 
C)  Pressure triggered, pressure limited, time cycled 
D)  Patient triggered, patient cycled, baseline pressure +5 cm H₂O 
A)  Flow triggered, pressure limited, flow cycled 
B)  Time triggered, volume limited, volume cycled 
C)  Pressure triggered, pressure limited, time cycled 
D)  Patient triggered, patient cycled, baseline pressure +5 cm H₂O

Question 6

The ventilator mode that would be most appropriate to iatrogenically induce hyperventilation to manage a closed head injury patient with severely elevated intracranial pressure (ICP)is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Volume support ventilation (VSV) 
B)  Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) 
C)  Pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV) 
D)  Volume-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (VC-IMV) 
A)  Volume support ventilation (VSV) 
B)  Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) 
C)  Pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV) 
D)  Volume-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (VC-IMV)

Question 7

When a patient is to be switched from continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV)to intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)to facilitate weaning from mechanical ventilation,which of the following could be used in addition to IMV to assist this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
B)  Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
C)  Pressure support (PS) 
D)  Pressure control (P
C)  
A)  Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
B)  Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
C)  Pressure support (PS) 
D)  Pressure control (P
C)

Question 8

Which mode of ventilation is shown in the pressure-time scalar in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV) 
B)  Volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV) 
C)  Pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (PC-IMV) 
D)  Volume-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (VC-IMV) 
A)  Pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV) 
B)  Volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV) 
C)  Pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (PC-IMV) 
D)  Volume-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (VC-IMV)

Question 9

A patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)has developed a pneumothorax from elevating peak and plateau pressures.The patient is currently being ventilated in the volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV)mode with a set rate of 12 breaths/min.However,the patient is triggering the ventilator at a rate of 25 breaths/min.The arterial blood gas reveals ventilator-induced hyperventilation with corrected hypoxemia.The most appropriate recommendation to manage this patient on the ventilator is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sedate the patient. 
B)  Decrease the set ventilator rate. 
C)  Switch the mode to pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (PC-IMV). 
D)  Switch the mode to pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV). 
A)  Sedate the patient. 
B)  Decrease the set ventilator rate. 
C)  Switch the mode to pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (PC-IMV). 
D)  Switch the mode to pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV).

Question 10

A home care patient diagnosed with central sleep apnea would benefit from which of the following modes of ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pressure support ventilation (PSV) 
B)  Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) 
C)  Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
D)  Pressure controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (PC-IMV) 
A)  Pressure support ventilation (PSV) 
B)  Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) 
C)  Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
D)  Pressure controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (PC-IMV)

Question 11

The pressure-time scalar shown in the figure represents which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) 
B)  Volume-controlled intermittent ventilation (VC-IMV) with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
C)  Pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (PC-IMV) with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
D)  Bilevel positive airway pressure 
A)  Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) 
B)  Volume-controlled intermittent ventilation (VC-IMV) with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
C)  Pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (PC-IMV) with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
D)  Bilevel positive airway pressure

Question 12

A patient triggered,pressure limited,flow cycled breath describes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spontaneous breath 
B)  Pressure-support breath 
C)  Volume-control breath 
D)  Pressure-control breath 
A)  Spontaneous breath 
B)  Pressure-support breath 
C)  Volume-control breath 
D)  Pressure-control breath

Question 13

A breath that is triggered,limited,and cycled by the mechanical ventilator is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Assisted breath 
B)  Mandatory breath 
C)  Spontaneous breath 
D)  Breath 
A)  Assisted breath 
B)  Mandatory breath 
C)  Spontaneous breath 
D)  Breath

Question 14

What type of breath occurs when the ventilator controls the timing,tidal volume,or inspiratory pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Assisted 
B)  Mandatory 
C)  Spontaneous 
D)  Controlled 
A)  Assisted 
B)  Mandatory 
C)  Spontaneous 
D)  Controlled

Question 15

The ventilator mode where every breath is patient triggered,pressure targeted,and flow cycled with a volume target is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Volume support ventilation (VSV) 
B)  Pressure-regulated volume control (PRV
C)  
C)  Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) 
D)  Pressure augmentation (Paug) 
A)  Volume support ventilation (VSV) 
B)  Pressure-regulated volume control (PRV
C)  
C)  Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) 
D)  Pressure augmentation (Paug)

Question 16

If lung compliance decreases while a patient is receiving mechanical ventilation with pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV),which of the following would occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peak pressure increases. 
B)  Peak pressure decreases. 
C)  Tidal volume increases. 
D)  Tidal volume decreases. 
A)  Peak pressure increases. 
B)  Peak pressure decreases. 
C)  Tidal volume increases. 
D)  Tidal volume decreases.

Question 17

The ventilator mode that delivers pressure breaths that are patient or time triggered,volume targeted,time cycled,and where the pressure is automatically adjusted to maintain delivery of the targeted volume is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Volume support ventilation (VSV) 
B)  Pressure augmentation (Paug) 
C)  MMV 
D)  Pressure-regulated volume control (PRV
C)  
A)  Volume support ventilation (VSV) 
B)  Pressure augmentation (Paug) 
C)  MMV 
D)  Pressure-regulated volume control (PRV
C)

Question 18

Which of the following is the minimum ventilator rate that is considered full ventilatory support?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 breaths/min 
B)  6 breaths/min 
C)  8 breaths/min 
D)  10 breaths/min 
A)  4 breaths/min 
B)  6 breaths/min 
C)  8 breaths/min 
D)  10 breaths/min

Question 19

If flow or sensitivity is set incorrectly,which of the following is most likely to occur during the continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV)mode?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle atrophy 
B)  Respiratory alkalosis 
C)  Ventilator dyssynchrony 
D)  Increase in mean airway pressure 
A)  Muscle atrophy 
B)  Respiratory alkalosis 
C)  Ventilator dyssynchrony 
D)  Increase in mean airway pressure

Question 20

Full ventilatory support is provided by which of the following modes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pressure support ventilation (PSV) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
B)  Volume support ventilation (VSV) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
C)  Volume-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (VC-IMV) rate 6 with pressure support (PS) 
D)  Pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (PC-IMV) rate 12 with pressure support (PS) 
A)  Pressure support ventilation (PSV) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
B)  Volume support ventilation (VSV) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
C)  Volume-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (VC-IMV) rate 6 with pressure support (PS) 
D)  Pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (PC-IMV) rate 12 with pressure support (PS)

Exam 5: Selecting the Ventilator and the Mode

In which of the following situations would NIV be tried?

During volume control ventilation a patient's airway resistance increases.This change will cause which of the following to occur?

Which mode of ventilation is shown in the pressure-time scalar in the figure?

Of the following breath descriptions,which one is considered spontaneous?

The ventilator mode that would be most appropriate to iatrogenically induce hyperventilation to manage a closed head injury patient with severely elevated intracranial pressure (ICP)is which of the following?

When a patient is to be switched from continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV)to intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)to facilitate weaning from mechanical ventilation,which of the following could be used in addition to IMV to assist this process?

Which mode of ventilation is shown in the pressure-time scalar in the figure?

A home care patient diagnosed with central sleep apnea would benefit from which of the following modes of ventilation?

The pressure-time scalar shown in the figure represents which of the following?

A patient triggered,pressure limited,flow cycled breath describes which of the following?

A breath that is triggered,limited,and cycled by the mechanical ventilator is which of the following?

What type of breath occurs when the ventilator controls the timing,tidal volume,or inspiratory pressure?

The ventilator mode where every breath is patient triggered,pressure targeted,and flow cycled with a volume target is which of the following?

If lung compliance decreases while a patient is receiving mechanical ventilation with pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV),which of the following would occur?

The ventilator mode that delivers pressure breaths that are patient or time triggered,volume targeted,time cycled,and where the pressure is automatically adjusted to maintain delivery of the targeted volume is which of the following?

Which of the following is the minimum ventilator rate that is considered full ventilatory support?

If flow or sensitivity is set incorrectly,which of the following is most likely to occur during the continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV)mode?

Full ventilatory support is provided by which of the following modes?

Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation

How Ventilators Work

How a Breath Is Delivered

Establishing the Need for Mechanical Ventilation

Initial Ventilator Settings

Final Considerations in Ventilator Setup

Initial Patient Assessment

Ventilator Graphics

Assessment of Respiratory Function

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Methods to Improve Ventilation in Patient-Ventilator Management

Improving Oxygenation and Management of ARDS

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Sedatives, Analgesics, and Paralytics

Extrapulmonary Effects of Mechanical Ventilation

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Pulmonary System

Troubleshooting and Problem Solving

Basic Concepts of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation

Weaning and Discontinuation from Mechanical Ventilation

Long-Term Ventilation

Neonatal and Pediatric Ventilation

Special Techniques in Ventilatory Support

Filters