Question 1

The harmful cardiovascular effects of PPV are influenced most by which of the following pressures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peak inspiratory pressure 
B)  Mean airway pressure 
C)  Positive end-expiratory pressure 
D)  Transpulmonary pressure 
A)  Peak inspiratory pressure 
B)  Mean airway pressure 
C)  Positive end-expiratory pressure 
D)  Transpulmonary pressure B

Question 2

Calculate the cerebral perfusion pressure when the mean arterial blood pressure is 120 mm Hg and the ICP is 14 mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A)  134 mm Hg 
B)  106 mm Hg 
C)  120/14 mm Hg 
D)  134/106 mm Hg 
A)  134 mm Hg 
B)  106 mm Hg 
C)  120/14 mm Hg 
D)  134/106 mm Hg B

Question 3

Normovolemic patients experience decreases in cardiac output above what level of PEEP?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 cm H₂O 
B)  8 cm H₂O 
C)  12 cm H₂O 
D)  15 cm H₂O 
A)  5 cm H₂O 
B)  8 cm H₂O 
C)  12 cm H₂O 
D)  15 cm H₂O D

Question 4

Malnutrition during mechanical ventilation can cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased oxygen consumption 
B)  Increased carbon dioxide production 
C)  Increased work of breathing 
D)  Increased spontaneous ventilation 
A)  Increased oxygen consumption 
B)  Increased carbon dioxide production 
C)  Increased work of breathing 
D)  Increased spontaneous ventilation

Question 5

The mode that causes the greatest reduction in cardiac output during ventilation is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  CPAP 
B)  IMV 
C)  IMV with PEEP 
D)  VC-CMV with PEEP 
A)  CPAP 
B)  IMV 
C)  IMV with PEEP 
D)  VC-CMV with PEEP

Question 6

Which of the following can increase the physiological dead space in apneic patients receiving volume control ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A) I:E ratio >1:1 B) A slow flow rate C) Adding an inflation hold D) Inspiratory time <0.5 second A) I:E ratio >1:1 B) A slow flow rate C) Adding an inflation hold D) Inspiratory time <0.5 second

Question 7

Mechanical ventilation has an effect on the hormone _____________,which causes a decrease in urinary output.

Accepted Answer

A)  cortisol 
B)  arginine vasopressin 
C)  parathyroid hormone 
D)  thyroid-stimulating hormone 
A)  cortisol 
B)  arginine vasopressin 
C)  parathyroid hormone 
D)  thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 8

Which of the following condition must exist to cause the interventricular septum to move to the left during positive pressure ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Volume overload 
B)  Cardiac tamponade 
C)  Mean airway pressure >15 cm H₂O 
D)  Decreased coronary artery perfusion 
A)  Volume overload 
B)  Cardiac tamponade 
C)  Mean airway pressure >15 cm H₂O 
D)  Decreased coronary artery perfusion

Question 9

Which of the following is the most likely cause of uneven ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low set tidal volumes 
B)  High inspiratory flow rates 
C)  High mean airway pressures 
D)  Elevated peak inspiratory pressures 
A)  Low set tidal volumes 
B)  High inspiratory flow rates 
C)  High mean airway pressures 
D)  Elevated peak inspiratory pressures

Question 10

During spontaneous breathing,the fall in intrapleural pressure that draws air into the lungs during inspiration also draws blood into the major thoracic vessels.This phenomenon increases which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Systemic vascular resistance 
B)  Right ventricular afterload 
C)  Right ventricular preload 
D)  Pulmonary capillary resistance 
A)  Systemic vascular resistance 
B)  Right ventricular afterload 
C)  Right ventricular preload 
D)  Pulmonary capillary resistance

Question 11

Which of the following ventilator parameters would result in the highest mean airway pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  PIP = 30 cm H₂O; PEEP = 10 cm H₂O; TI = 0.5 sec; TCT = 5 sec 
B)  PIP = 50 cm H₂O; PEEP = 10 cm H₂O; TI = 0.5 sec; TCT = 5 sec 
C)  PIP = 30 cm H₂O; PEEP = 15 cm H₂O; TI = 0.5 sec; TCT = 5 sec 
D)  PIP = 50 cm H₂O; PEEP = 10 cm H₂O; TI = 0.5 sec; TCT = 5 sec.. 
A)  PIP = 30 cm H₂O; PEEP = 10 cm H₂O; TI = 0.5 sec; TCT = 5 sec 
B)  PIP = 50 cm H₂O; PEEP = 10 cm H₂O; TI = 0.5 sec; TCT = 5 sec 
C)  PIP = 30 cm H₂O; PEEP = 15 cm H₂O; TI = 0.5 sec; TCT = 5 sec 
D)  PIP = 50 cm H₂O; PEEP = 10 cm H₂O; TI = 0.5 sec; TCT = 5 sec..

Question 12

Urinary output is severely reduced when the renal arterial pressure decreases below what level?

Accepted Answer

A)  75 mm Hg 
B)  85 mm Hg 
C)  95 mm Hg 
D)  105 mm Hg 
A)  75 mm Hg 
B)  85 mm Hg 
C)  95 mm Hg 
D)  105 mm Hg

Question 13

High tidal volumes and/or high levels of PEEP can cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Improvement in pulmonary blood flow 
B)  Increased right ventricular afterload 
C)  Interventricular septum shifts to the right 
D)  Increased myocardial perfusion 
A)  Improvement in pulmonary blood flow 
B)  Increased right ventricular afterload 
C)  Interventricular septum shifts to the right 
D)  Increased myocardial perfusion

Question 14

Which of the following patient conditions is least likely to experience hemodynamic changes with high alveolar pressures during mechanical ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  ARDS 
B)  Emphysema 
C)  Kyphoscoliosis 
D)  Third-degree chest wall burns 
A)  ARDS 
B)  Emphysema 
C)  Kyphoscoliosis 
D)  Third-degree chest wall burns

Question 15

Positive pressure ventilation increases splanchnic resistance,decreases splanchnic venous outflow,and may contribute to gastric mucosal ischemia,which can contribute to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Liver metastases 
B)  Gastric mucosal ischemia 
C)  Gastric ulcers 
D)  Increased portal blood flow 
A)  Liver metastases 
B)  Gastric mucosal ischemia 
C)  Gastric ulcers 
D)  Increased portal blood flow

Question 16

Positive pressure ventilation has which of the following effects on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases blood flow to the kidneys 
B)  Redistributes blood flow in the kidneys 
C)  Decreases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys 
D)  Increases urinary output 
A)  Increases blood flow to the kidneys 
B)  Redistributes blood flow in the kidneys 
C)  Decreases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys 
D)  Increases urinary output

Question 17

An otherwise healthy 19-year-old male is currently intubated and being mechanically ventilated after a motorcycle accident in which he sustained a closed head injury and multiple rib fractures.Before the patient is taken to the operating room for cranial surgery,the respiratory therapist notices that he has jugular vein distention.The most likely cause of this problem is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased cardiac output 
B)  Decreased ventricular preload 
C)  Increased intracranial pressure 
D)  Decreased systemic vascular resistance 
A)  Increased cardiac output 
B)  Decreased ventricular preload 
C)  Increased intracranial pressure 
D)  Decreased systemic vascular resistance

The harmful cardiovascular effects of PPV are influenced most by which of the following pressures?

Calculate the cerebral perfusion pressure when the mean arterial blood pressure is 120 mm Hg and the ICP is 14 mm Hg.

Normovolemic patients experience decreases in cardiac output above what level of PEEP?

Malnutrition during mechanical ventilation can cause which of the following?

The mode that causes the greatest reduction in cardiac output during ventilation is which of the following?

Which of the following can increase the physiological dead space in apneic patients receiving volume control ventilation?

Mechanical ventilation has an effect on the hormone _____________,which causes a decrease in urinary output.

Which of the following condition must exist to cause the interventricular septum to move to the left during positive pressure ventilation?

Which of the following is the most likely cause of uneven ventilation?

During spontaneous breathing,the fall in intrapleural pressure that draws air into the lungs during inspiration also draws blood into the major thoracic vessels.This phenomenon increases which of the following?

Which of the following ventilator parameters would result in the highest mean airway pressure?

Urinary output is severely reduced when the renal arterial pressure decreases below what level?

High tidal volumes and/or high levels of PEEP can cause which of the following?

Which of the following patient conditions is least likely to experience hemodynamic changes with high alveolar pressures during mechanical ventilation?

Positive pressure ventilation increases splanchnic resistance,decreases splanchnic venous outflow,and may contribute to gastric mucosal ischemia,which can contribute to which of the following?

Positive pressure ventilation has which of the following effects on the kidneys?

Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation

How Ventilators Work

How a Breath Is Delivered

Establishing the Need for Mechanical Ventilation

Selecting the Ventilator and the Mode

Initial Ventilator Settings

Final Considerations in Ventilator Setup

Initial Patient Assessment

Ventilator Graphics

Assessment of Respiratory Function

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Methods to Improve Ventilation in Patient-Ventilator Management

Improving Oxygenation and Management of ARDS

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Sedatives, Analgesics, and Paralytics

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Pulmonary System

Troubleshooting and Problem Solving

Basic Concepts of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation

Weaning and Discontinuation from Mechanical Ventilation

Long-Term Ventilation

Neonatal and Pediatric Ventilation

Special Techniques in Ventilatory Support

Filters

Exam 16: Extrapulmonary Effects of Mechanical Ventilation

The harmful cardiovascular effects of PPV are influenced most by which of the following pressures?

Calculate the cerebral perfusion pressure when the mean arterial blood pressure is 120 mm Hg and the ICP is 14 mm Hg.

Normovolemic patients experience decreases in cardiac output above what level of PEEP?

Malnutrition during mechanical ventilation can cause which of the following?

The mode that causes the greatest reduction in cardiac output during ventilation is which of the following?

Which of the following can increase the physiological dead space in apneic patients receiving volume control ventilation?

Mechanical ventilation has an effect on the hormone _____________,which causes a decrease in urinary output.

Which of the following condition must exist to cause the interventricular septum to move to the left during positive pressure ventilation?

Which of the following is the most likely cause of uneven ventilation?

During spontaneous breathing,the fall in intrapleural pressure that draws air into the lungs during inspiration also draws blood into the major thoracic vessels.This phenomenon increases which of the following?

Which of the following ventilator parameters would result in the highest mean airway pressure?

Urinary output is severely reduced when the renal arterial pressure decreases below what level?

High tidal volumes and/or high levels of PEEP can cause which of the following?

Which of the following patient conditions is least likely to experience hemodynamic changes with high alveolar pressures during mechanical ventilation?

Positive pressure ventilation increases splanchnic resistance,decreases splanchnic venous outflow,and may contribute to gastric mucosal ischemia,which can contribute to which of the following?

Positive pressure ventilation has which of the following effects on the kidneys?

Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation

How Ventilators Work

How a Breath Is Delivered

Establishing the Need for Mechanical Ventilation

Selecting the Ventilator and the Mode

Initial Ventilator Settings

Final Considerations in Ventilator Setup

Initial Patient Assessment

Ventilator Graphics

Assessment of Respiratory Function

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Methods to Improve Ventilation in Patient-Ventilator Management

Improving Oxygenation and Management of ARDS

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Sedatives, Analgesics, and Paralytics

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Pulmonary System

Troubleshooting and Problem Solving

Basic Concepts of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation

Weaning and Discontinuation from Mechanical Ventilation

Long-Term Ventilation

Neonatal and Pediatric Ventilation

Special Techniques in Ventilatory Support

Filters