Exam 6: Initial Ventilator Settings

A patient has a body temperature of 40° C.How should the initial minute ventilation setting be adjusted?

When changing the control variable from volume control (VC)to pressure control (PC),the initial inspiratory pressure should be set based on which of the following methods?

The mode of pressure ventilation that is patient- or time-triggered and flow-cycled is which of the following?

The pattern that has been shown to improve the distribution of gas in the lungs for an intubated patient on volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV)is which of the following?

What is the flow rate necessary to deliver a tidal volume (Vᴛ)of 600 mL,with a constant waveform,at a respiratory rate of 15 breaths/min with an I:E of 1:4?

A 57-year-old,5'3",165 lb female patient arrives in the open heart unit following coronary artery bypass surgery.The patient has a history of diabetes and no history of pulmonary disease.The most appropriate initial volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV)settings are which of the following?

A 63-year-old,5'11",185 lb male patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)is admitted to the hospital due to liver failure.Over the course of the 48 hours he has developed respiratory distress.The respiratory therapist performs a physical assessment and finds the following: heart rate 135 beats/min,respiratory rate 28 with accessory muscle use.Breath sounds are decreased bilaterally with coarse crackles in the right base.A chest X-ray from 24 hours ago shows bilateral lower lobe infiltrates.The patient has a nonproductive cough.The respiratory therapist draws an arterial blood gas that reveals: pH 7.31; partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PₐCO₂)57 mm Hg; partial pressure of oxygen (PₐO₂)58 mm Hg; arterial oxygen saturation (SₐO₂)87%; bicarbonate (HCO₃-)27 mEq/L while receiving oxygen via nasal cannula 3 L/min.The respiratory therapist should recommend which of the following for this patient?

With which flow waveform pattern will the mean airway pressure be the highest?

A 5'10" male patient with normal lungs has been intubated and requires mechanical ventilation with volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV).The tidal volume and ventilator rate settings that should be recommended for this patient are which of the following?

An intubated patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)is breathing on pressure support ventilation (PSV)13 cm H₂O with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)5 cm H₂O and a flow cycle setting of 25%.The pressure-time scalar shown in the figure is evaluated by the respiratory therapist.What action should the respiratory therapist take at this time?

A patient having an acute,severe asthma exacerbation is intubated and set up on volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV).To ensure volume delivery at the lowest peak pressure while providing for better air distribution,which flow waveform should be used?

A 47-year-old,6'1" male patient is admitted to the hospital due to trauma from a motor vehicle accident.Forty-eight hours post admission,the patient is suffering from respiratory distress with severe hypoxemia and is intubated.A chest X-ray,done prior to intubation,reveals a ground glass appearance bilaterally.The physician requests the volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV)mode for this patient.The initial settings for the ventilator should be which of the following?

A patient receiving mechanical ventilation via pressure-regulated volume control (PRVC)has a set target volume of 500 mL with an upper pressure limit setting of 35 cm H₂O.During the respiratory therapist's first patient ventilator system check,25 cm H₂O was needed to deliver the set volume.Several hours later the pressure to deliver the set volume is 15 cm H₂O.The respiratory therapist should do which of the following?

A 65-year-old,73-inch-tall,195 lb male patient was admitted 2 days ago for renal failure.The patient has a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)and has a pulse of 122 breaths/min,BP 153/88,and temperature 37° C.The patient is intubated for acute-on-chronic respiratory failure with hypoxemia.The physician requests volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV).The initial settings for the ventilator should be which of the following?

A 39-year-old,5'4",138 lb female patient requires intubation and mechanical ventilation.Her body temperature is 39° C.She has no history of lung disease.The appropriate initial minute ventilation for this patient is which of the following?

A mechanically ventilated patient is going to be placed on pressure support ventilation following an acceptable spontaneous weaning trial.The patient is a 5'9" male who weighs 185 lb.During volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV)his average peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)was about 26 cm H₂O and the plateau pressure (P_Plateau)was 16 cm H₂O.What initial pressure support level should be set?

A 26-year-old,6'6",250 lb male patient,is still under the effects of anesthesia following knee surgery.His body temperature is 37° C.He has no history of lung disease.The appropriate initial minute ventilation for this patient is which of the following?

A 47-year-old,5'6",112 lb female patient,is still under the effects of anesthesia following a hysterectomy.Her body temperature is 37° C.She has no history of lung disease.The appropriate initial minute ventilation for this patient is which of the following?

The mode of ventilation that provides pressure-limited,time-cycled breaths that use a set tidal volume as a feedback control is which of the following?

A 5'2" female patient with normal lungs has been intubated and requires mechanical ventilation with volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV).The tidal volume (Vᴛ)and ventilator rate settings that should be recommended for this patient are which of the following?