Question 1

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 socialist

Accepted Answer

Who: Socialists are individuals who beli

Question 2

After Bayle's Dictionary, t he first successful encyclopedia was published by

Accepted Answer

A) Denis Diderot. 
B) Ephraim Chambers. 
C) Chevalier Ramsay. 
D) Jean d'Alembert. 
E) Voltaire. 
A) Denis Diderot. 
B) Ephraim Chambers. 
C) Chevalier Ramsay. 
D) Jean d'Alembert. 
E) Voltaire.

Question 3

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that

Accepted Answer

A) was inspired by the Scientific Revolution. 
B) reacted against monarchical and clerical absolutism. 
C) benefitted from a new freedom of printing in some countries. 
D) has been characterized as the Age of Reason. 
E) all of the above 
A) was inspired by the Scientific Revolution. 
B) reacted against monarchical and clerical absolutism. 
C) benefitted from a new freedom of printing in some countries. 
D) has been characterized as the Age of Reason. 
E) all of the above

Question 4

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Did women have an Enlightenment? How did the ideas of the philosophes and the practices of civil society impact women?

Accepted Answer

The Enlightenment was a period of intell

Question 5

The modern notion of government divided into branches was most clearly articulated by

Accepted Answer

A) Hobbes. 
B) Locke. 
C) Montesquieu. 
D) Rousseau. 
E) Leszczy   
A) Hobbes. 
B) Locke. 
C) Montesquieu. 
D) Rousseau. 
E) Leszczy

Question 6

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 diplomatic revolution ​

Accepted Answer

The diplomatic revolution refers to a ma

Question 7

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 tabula rasa

Accepted Answer

Tabula Rasa

Who?
The concept of tabula

Question 8

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What factors shaped eighteenth-century European diplomacy? How did new goals and powers change the traditional rivalries and distribution of power, both in Europe and in other areas of the globe?

Accepted Answer

The eighteenth century was a period of s

Question 9

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Which characteristics of the philosophes illustrate a new way of looking at the world? List three major philosophes , and discuss  their major contributions.

Accepted Answer

The philosophes of the Enlightenment era

Question 10

The term freethinking , as applied to individuals in the eighteenth century, suggested

Accepted Answer

A) their readiness to criticize church dogmas. 
B) willingness to move to political action. 
C) their clubs would not be confined to one topic. 
D) their thoughts would not be stifled by a monarch. 
E) unstructured reflection. 
A) their readiness to criticize church dogmas. 
B) willingness to move to political action. 
C) their clubs would not be confined to one topic. 
D) their thoughts would not be stifled by a monarch. 
E) unstructured reflection.

Question 11

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What is the difference between skepticism and freethinking? Provide examples of each.

Accepted Answer

Skepticism and freethinking are both phi

Question 12

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 salons

Accepted Answer

Salons were gatherings of intellectuals,

Question 13

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Compare and contrast the ideas of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau about the origin of the state. What was the relationship of the citizen to the state according to each of these men?

Accepted Answer

Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacq

Question 14

The American Revolution succeeded because of

Accepted Answer

A) the superior leadership of Washington. 
B) substantial French aid. 
C) a lack of commitment by the British. 
D) a tradition of self-government and an idealized understanding of English liberties. 
E) all of the above 
A) the superior leadership of Washington. 
B) substantial French aid. 
C) a lack of commitment by the British. 
D) a tradition of self-government and an idealized understanding of English liberties. 
E) all of the above

Question 15

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What is meant by the term enlightened despotism? Provide specific examples of policies from states associated with the tradition of enlightened despotism to demonstrate how and why monarchs drew on Enlightenment ideas.

Accepted Answer

Enlightened despotism refers to a form o

Question 16

The text states that no Enlightenment philosopher was more dangerous to the Old Regime than which champion of democracy?

Accepted Answer

A) Rousseau 
B) Locke 
C) Voltaire 
D) Hume 
E) Kant 
A) Rousseau 
B) Locke 
C) Voltaire 
D) Hume 
E) Kant

Question 17

The international situation in the mid-eighteenth century included

Accepted Answer

A) amicable cooperation between Austria and Prussia for control of central Europe. 
B) a declining role for the aristocracy. 
C) an intense rivalry between France and Britain in northern Europe and North America. 
D) a prolonged period of peace on the continent. 
E) a rejection of Prussian militarism by all of the philosophes. 
A) amicable cooperation between Austria and Prussia for control of central Europe. 
B) a declining role for the aristocracy. 
C) an intense rivalry between France and Britain in northern Europe and North America. 
D) a prolonged period of peace on the continent. 
E) a rejection of Prussian militarism by all of the philosophes.

Question 18

All of the following accurately describe Mary Wollstonecraft EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) she made a living as a translator. 
B) she traveled to France during the Revolution. 
C) she was one of the founders of modern feminism. 
D) she received a formal education under the tutelage of professors at Oxford. 
E) she knew British-born American radical Thomas Paine. 
A) she made a living as a translator. 
B) she traveled to France during the Revolution. 
C) she was one of the founders of modern feminism. 
D) she received a formal education under the tutelage of professors at Oxford. 
E) she knew British-born American radical Thomas Paine.

Question 19

Immanuel Kant insisted that

Accepted Answer

A) individuals must conform to knowledge presented by authority. 
B) each individual should reason independently. 
C) education and critical thought were indispensable for the overthrow of the aristocratic order. 
D) there was no conflict between reason and faith. 
E) a person should be enlightened by an "inner light." 
A) individuals must conform to knowledge presented by authority. 
B) each individual should reason independently. 
C) education and critical thought were indispensable for the overthrow of the aristocratic order. 
D) there was no conflict between reason and faith. 
E) a person should be enlightened by an "inner light."

Question 20

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Which institutions and individuals were most threatened by the principles and practices of the Enlightenment, and why were they challenged by the new ideas?

Accepted Answer

The principles and practices of the Enli

Exam 18: The Age of Enlightenment Reason and Reform

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? socialist

After Bayle's Dictionary, t he first successful encyclopedia was published by

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Did women have an Enlightenment? How did the ideas of the philosophes and the practices of civil society impact women?

The modern notion of government divided into branches was most clearly articulated by

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? diplomatic revolution ​

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? tabula rasa

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What factors shaped eighteenth-century European diplomacy? How did new goals and powers change the traditional rivalries and distribution of power, both in Europe and in other areas of the globe?

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Which characteristics of the philosophes illustrate a new way of looking at the world? List three major philosophes , and discuss their major contributions.

The term freethinking , as applied to individuals in the eighteenth century, suggested

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What is the difference between skepticism and freethinking? Provide examples of each.

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? salons

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Compare and contrast the ideas of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau about the origin of the state. What was the relationship of the citizen to the state according to each of these men?

The American Revolution succeeded because of

The text states that no Enlightenment philosopher was more dangerous to the Old Regime than which champion of democracy?

The international situation in the mid-eighteenth century included

All of the following accurately describe Mary Wollstonecraft EXCEPT

Immanuel Kant insisted that

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Which institutions and individuals were most threatened by the principles and practices of the Enlightenment, and why were they challenged by the new ideas?

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual

The Greek City-State Democratic Politics

Greek Thought From Myth to Reason

The Hellenistic Age Cultural Diffusion

The Roman Republic City-State to World Empire

The Roman Empire a World-State

Early Christianity a World Religion

The Heirs of Rome Byzantium Islam and Latin Christendom

The High Middle Ages Vitality and Enewal

The Flowering of Medieval Culture the Christian Synthesis

The Late Middle Ages Crisis and Dissolution

The Renaissance Transition to the Modern Age

The Reformation the Shattering of Christian Unity

European Expansion Economic and Social Transformations

The Rise of Sovereignty Transition to the Modern State

The Scientific Revolution the Universe Seen As a Mechanism

The French Revolution the Affirmation of Liberty and Equality

The Industrial Revolution the Great Transformation

Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century

Revolution and Counterrevolution 1815-1848

Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth Century Realism and Social Criticism

The Surge of Nationalism From Liberal to Extreme Nationalism

The Industrial West Responses to Modernization

Imperialism Western Global Dominance

Modern Consciousness New Views of Nature Human Nature and the Arts

World War I the West in Despair

An Era of Totalitarianism

Thought and Culture in an Era of World Wars and Totalitarianism

World War II Western Civilization in the Balance

Europe After World War II Recovery and Realignment 1945-1989

The Troubled Present

Filters

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? diplomatic revolution