Question 1

According to David Hume

Accepted Answer

A) the universe does not prove God's existence. 
B) all religion results from human fears and superstitions. 
C) the order apparent in the universe may be more in a person's mind than in reality. 
D) religion is a social convention. 
E) all of the above 
A) the universe does not prove God's existence. 
B) all religion results from human fears and superstitions. 
C) the order apparent in the universe may be more in a person's mind than in reality. 
D) religion is a social convention. 
E) all of the above

Question 2

The first tract advocating the decriminalization of homosexuality was written by

Accepted Answer

A) Rousseau. 
B) Bentham. 
C) Beccaria. 
D) Voltaire. 
E) Diderot. 
A) Rousseau. 
B) Bentham. 
C) Beccaria. 
D) Voltaire. 
E) Diderot.

Question 3

For the history of the Enlightenment, Madame de Châtelet's greatest accomplishment was her

Accepted Answer

A) French translation of Newton's Principia . 
B) close friendship with Bayle. 
C) hosting of and participation in salons. 
D) position as consort to Louis XV. 
E) association with Rousseau. 
A) French translation of Newton's Principia . 
B) close friendship with Bayle. 
C) hosting of and participation in salons. 
D) position as consort to Louis XV. 
E) association with Rousseau.

Question 4

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).   
 Locate and label three of the states said to be practitioners of enlightened despotism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Please use this outline map of...

Question 5

Who wrote both Candide and Micromegas ?

Accepted Answer

A) d'Holbach 
B) Helvetius 
C) de Montesquieu 
D) Voltaire 
E) Bayle 
A) d'Holbach 
B) Helvetius 
C) de Montesquieu 
D) Voltaire 
E) Bayle

Question 6

Voltaire believed all the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) ​only ideas received from the senses should be believed. 
B) ​superstition and blind obedience to religious authority are unacceptable. 
C) ​the people should be allowed to govern themselves. 
D) ​constitutional monarchy is the best form of government. 
E) ​the rule of law, religious tolerance, and the humane treatment of criminals was possible. 
A) ​only ideas received from the senses should be believed. 
B) ​superstition and blind obedience to religious authority are unacceptable. 
C) ​the people should be allowed to govern themselves. 
D) ​constitutional monarchy is the best form of government. 
E) ​the rule of law, religious tolerance, and the humane treatment of criminals was possible.

Question 7

Instructions: Please use this outline map of the world to answer the question(s).   
 Locate and label the areas belonging to  the following colonial empires in 1750: Spanish, Dutch, French, and British.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Please use this outline map of...

Question 8

All of the following were true of Austria EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) a dynamic, innovative central administration. 
B) a concentration on its eastern non-German territories. 
C) consolidated control of the German parts of the Holy Roman Empire. 
D) acquisition of the southern Netherlands, later called Belgium. 
E) a progressive mother-son imperial partnership. 
A) a dynamic, innovative central administration. 
B) a concentration on its eastern non-German territories. 
C) consolidated control of the German parts of the Holy Roman Empire. 
D) acquisition of the southern Netherlands, later called Belgium. 
E) a progressive mother-son imperial partnership.

Question 9

In Émile , Rousseau recommended

Accepted Answer

A) that children receive a rigorous education in the sciences. 
B) a solid background in the classics as essential for a modern education. 
C) that intellectual and moral instruction should come after the development of the senses. 
D) a state-run education system to rid society of superstition and ignorance. 
E) an education provided in the home under the guidance of the clergy. 
A) that children receive a rigorous education in the sciences. 
B) a solid background in the classics as essential for a modern education. 
C) that intellectual and moral instruction should come after the development of the senses. 
D) a state-run education system to rid society of superstition and ignorance. 
E) an education provided in the home under the guidance of the clergy.

Question 10

In relation to religion, philosophes

Accepted Answer

A) often argued that Church doctrines were illogical and irrelevant. 
B) launched the first attack on Christianity conducted by the educated. 
C) condemned religious fanaticism that has led to so much bloodshed. 
D) criticized the Church's otherworldliness for acting as a barrier to social improvement and justice. 
E) all of the above 
A) often argued that Church doctrines were illogical and irrelevant. 
B) launched the first attack on Christianity conducted by the educated. 
C) condemned religious fanaticism that has led to so much bloodshed. 
D) criticized the Church's otherworldliness for acting as a barrier to social improvement and justice. 
E) all of the above

Question 11

Enlightenment economic thought included

Accepted Answer

A) acceptance of self-interest as something good. 
B) praise for entrepreneurship and free markets unencumbered by governments. 
C) the inevitability of progress in capitalism. 
D) the belief that the laws of economics could be discovered. 
E) all of the above 
A) acceptance of self-interest as something good. 
B) praise for entrepreneurship and free markets unencumbered by governments. 
C) the inevitability of progress in capitalism. 
D) the belief that the laws of economics could be discovered. 
E) all of the above

Question 12

Enlightenment philosophes

Accepted Answer

A) advocated the abolition of slavery. 
B) had mixed attitudes towards slavery. 
C) believed that slavery was a necessary evil. 
D) thought slavery was not a pressing problem. 
E) coupled slavery with the institution of private property. 
A) advocated the abolition of slavery. 
B) had mixed attitudes towards slavery. 
C) believed that slavery was a necessary evil. 
D) thought slavery was not a pressing problem. 
E) coupled slavery with the institution of private property.

Question 13

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).   
 Locate and label the following sites:   the original home of the Freemasons, the location of the Grand Lodge of the Freemasons, and the country of origin of the Encyclopedia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Please use this outline map of...

Question 14

The success of the philosophes was the result of
All of the above

Accepted Answer

A) the growing literacy of urban men and women. 
B) a new prosperity that made books affordable. 
C) an atmosphere of sociability where new ideas were discussed. 
D) the resentment of the reading population against traditional privileges. 
E) all of the above 
A) the growing literacy of urban men and women. 
B) a new prosperity that made books affordable. 
C) an atmosphere of sociability where new ideas were discussed. 
D) the resentment of the reading population against traditional privileges. 
E) all of the above

Question 15

Among those admitted to Masonic lodges were

Accepted Answer

A) working stonemasons. 
B) middle-class men. 
C) aristocratic men. 
D) some women. 
E) all of the above 
A) working stonemasons. 
B) middle-class men. 
C) aristocratic men. 
D) some women. 
E) all of the above

Question 16

Hobbes 's major work of political theory was

Accepted Answer

A) Two Treatises of Government. 
B) Leviathan. 
C) The Social Contract. 
D) The Spirit of the Laws. 
E) Letters Concerning the English Nation. 
A) Two Treatises of Government. 
B) Leviathan. 
C) The Social Contract. 
D) The Spirit of the Laws. 
E) Letters Concerning the English Nation.

Question 17

The diplomatic revolution of 1756 involved

Accepted Answer

A) a France-Austria alliance. 
B) Prussia's support of Austria in the Seven Years' War. 
C) France's diplomatic aid for Prussia. 
D) the severing of ties between Spain and Austria. 
E) the reconciliation of Britain and the Dutch Republic. 
A) a France-Austria alliance. 
B) Prussia's support of Austria in the Seven Years' War. 
C) France's diplomatic aid for Prussia. 
D) the severing of ties between Spain and Austria. 
E) the reconciliation of Britain and the Dutch Republic.

Question 18

Which of the following statements was true concerning freedom of expression during the seventeenth century?

Accepted Answer

A) Even in the Netherlands, those who opposed the Calvinist clergy could be detained without a time limit for release. 
B) The publishing industry was still strictly controlled toward the end of the eighteenth century. 
C) The liberality professed at Oxford University offered students the chance to express heretical ideas. 
D) Those who professed Enlightenment principles hoped for more social freedom but were unwilling to attack political institutions in print. 
E) Freedom of expression was practiced only in English-speaking countries. 
A) Even in the Netherlands, those who opposed the Calvinist clergy could be detained without a time limit for release. 
B) The publishing industry was still strictly controlled toward the end of the eighteenth century. 
C) The liberality professed at Oxford University offered students the chance to express heretical ideas. 
D) Those who professed Enlightenment principles hoped for more social freedom but were unwilling to attack political institutions in print. 
E) Freedom of expression was practiced only in English-speaking countries.

Question 19

All philosophes agreed that

Accepted Answer

A) the people should govern themselves. 
B) torture should be eliminated. 
C) a person should completely subordinate himself to reason. 
D) enlightened despotism was the best form of government. 
E) the existing criminal justice system was generally beneficial. 
A) the people should govern themselves. 
B) torture should be eliminated. 
C) a person should completely subordinate himself to reason. 
D) enlightened despotism was the best form of government. 
E) the existing criminal justice system was generally beneficial.

Question 20

Criticism of slavery first appeared in early modern Europe among the

Accepted Answer

A) Franciscans. 
B) Jesuits. 
C) Lutherans. 
D) Quakers. 
E) philosophes. 
A) Franciscans. 
B) Jesuits. 
C) Lutherans. 
D) Quakers. 
E) philosophes.

Exam 18: The Age of Enlightenment Reason and Reform

According to David Hume

The first tract advocating the decriminalization of homosexuality was written by

For the history of the Enlightenment, Madame de Châtelet's greatest accomplishment was her

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s). Locate and label three of the states said to be practitioners of enlightened despotism.

Who wrote both Candide and Micromegas ?

Voltaire believed all the following EXCEPT

Instructions: Please use this outline map of the world to answer the question(s). Locate and label the areas belonging to the following colonial empires in 1750: Spanish, Dutch, French, and British.

All of the following were true of Austria EXCEPT

In Émile , Rousseau recommended

In relation to religion, philosophes

Enlightenment economic thought included

Enlightenment philosophes

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s). Locate and label the following sites: the original home of the Freemasons, the location of the Grand Lodge of the Freemasons, and the country of origin of the Encyclopedia.

The success of the philosophes was the result of All of the above

Among those admitted to Masonic lodges were

Hobbes 's major work of political theory was

The diplomatic revolution of 1756 involved

Which of the following statements was true concerning freedom of expression during the seventeenth century?

All philosophes agreed that

Criticism of slavery first appeared in early modern Europe among the

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual

The Greek City-State Democratic Politics

Greek Thought From Myth to Reason

The Hellenistic Age Cultural Diffusion

The Roman Republic City-State to World Empire

The Roman Empire a World-State

Early Christianity a World Religion

The Heirs of Rome Byzantium Islam and Latin Christendom

The High Middle Ages Vitality and Enewal

The Flowering of Medieval Culture the Christian Synthesis

The Late Middle Ages Crisis and Dissolution

The Renaissance Transition to the Modern Age

The Reformation the Shattering of Christian Unity

European Expansion Economic and Social Transformations

The Rise of Sovereignty Transition to the Modern State

The Scientific Revolution the Universe Seen As a Mechanism

The French Revolution the Affirmation of Liberty and Equality

The Industrial Revolution the Great Transformation

Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century

Revolution and Counterrevolution 1815-1848

Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth Century Realism and Social Criticism

The Surge of Nationalism From Liberal to Extreme Nationalism

The Industrial West Responses to Modernization

Imperialism Western Global Dominance

Modern Consciousness New Views of Nature Human Nature and the Arts

World War I the West in Despair

An Era of Totalitarianism

Thought and Culture in an Era of World Wars and Totalitarianism

World War II Western Civilization in the Balance

Europe After World War II Recovery and Realignment 1945-1989

The Troubled Present

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