Question 1

How are oxygen isotopes important in climate change?

Accepted Answer

The ¹⁸ O/ ¹⁶ O ratios in glacial ice reflect water temperature at the time the water evaporated. Because most of the atmospheric water vapor that falls as snow originated from evaporation of ocean water, scientists then use the ¹⁸O/ ¹⁶ O data from glacial ice to estimate mean ocean surface temperatures. Because the sea surface and the atmosphere are in close contact, mean ocean surface temperature reflects mean global atmospheric temperature.

Question 2

The most useful method for determining temperatures one billion years ago is through ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen isotope ratios in Greenland ice 
B)  rocks and fossils 
C)  historical records 
D)  tree rings 
A)  oxygen isotope ratios in Greenland ice 
B)  rocks and fossils 
C)  historical records 
D)  tree rings B

Question 3

Flowing water weathers rocks and initiates chemical reactions that alter the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  composition of the crust 
B)  carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere 
C)  temperature of the oceans 
D)  saltiness of the oceans 
A)  composition of the crust 
B)  carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere 
C)  temperature of the oceans 
D)  saltiness of the oceans B

Question 4

Tree rings ____ during unfavorable years.

Accepted Answer

A)  record low temperatures 
B)  do not grow 
C)  grow wider 
D)  grow less 
A)  record low temperatures 
B)  do not grow 
C)  grow wider 
D)  grow less

Question 5

What is the relationship between water and climate when considering glaciers and snowfields?

Accepted Answer

Glaciers and snowfields have a high albe

Question 6

During the process of photosynthesis, the compound ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas, is removed from the atmosphere 
B)  carbon dioxide, which is not a greenhouse gas, is removed from the atmosphere 
C)  oxygen, which is not a greenhouse gas, is removed from the atmosphere 
D)  oxygen, which is a greenhouse gas, is removed from the atmosphere 
A)  carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas, is removed from the atmosphere 
B)  carbon dioxide, which is not a greenhouse gas, is removed from the atmosphere 
C)  oxygen, which is not a greenhouse gas, is removed from the atmosphere 
D)  oxygen, which is a greenhouse gas, is removed from the atmosphere

Question 7

The concentration of ____________________ in the atmosphere has risen since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.

Accepted Answer

greenhouse gases,car

Question 8

When carbon dioxide gas dissolves in seawater, it reacts to form bicarbonate and ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When carbon dioxide gas dissolves in seawater,...

Question 9

How is plant pollen distributed and where is it found?

Accepted Answer

Plant pollen is widely distributed by wi

Question 10

Oxygen consists mainly of two isotopes, abundant  18  O and rare  16  O.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Carbon exists in the atmosphere mostly as carbon dioxide and smaller amounts of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carbon exists in the atmosphere mostly as...

Question 12

Plankton species ratios change with ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen isotopes 
B)  sea-surface temperatures 
C)  greenhouse gases 
D)  nutrient availability 
A)  oxygen isotopes 
B)  sea-surface temperatures 
C)  greenhouse gases 
D)  nutrient availability

Question 13

Warming in today's Earth climate system is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  not well understood by scientists 
B)  possible 
C)  inconclusive 
D)  unequivocal 
A)  not well understood by scientists 
B)  possible 
C)  inconclusive 
D)  unequivocal

Question 14

____________________ is the most abundant greenhouse gas.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is the most abundant greenhouse gas....

Question 15

What is the glacial evidence for measuring climate change?

Accepted Answer

Erosional and depositional features crea

Question 16

How much energy does the Sun produce; what happens to its energy output over time?

Accepted Answer

A star the size of our Sun pro

Question 17

Nearly 80 percent of human-induced carbon emissions occur through industry and agriculture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Extreme weather events will likely become more common in a warmer world.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Precipitation and evaporation will increase in a warmer world; however, the effects will differ from region to region.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

According to many climatologists, the current period is an interglacial warming episode and ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sea surface temperatures are too high to support continental glaciation 
B)  continental glaciers could return within the next 100 years 
C)  the ice sheets are likely to return in the geologically near future 
D)  human induced global warming will prevent ice-ages from ever happening again 
A)  sea surface temperatures are too high to support continental glaciation 
B)  continental glaciers could return within the next 100 years 
C)  the ice sheets are likely to return in the geologically near future 
D)  human induced global warming will prevent ice-ages from ever happening again

Exam 21: Climate Change

How are oxygen isotopes important in climate change?

The most useful method for determining temperatures one billion years ago is through ____.

Flowing water weathers rocks and initiates chemical reactions that alter the ____.

Tree rings ____ during unfavorable years.

What is the relationship between water and climate when considering glaciers and snowfields?

During the process of photosynthesis, the compound ____.

The concentration of ____________________ in the atmosphere has risen since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.

When carbon dioxide gas dissolves in seawater, it reacts to form bicarbonate and ____________________.

How is plant pollen distributed and where is it found?

Oxygen consists mainly of two isotopes, abundant 18 O and rare 16 O.

Carbon exists in the atmosphere mostly as carbon dioxide and smaller amounts of ____________________.

Plankton species ratios change with ____.

Warming in today's Earth climate system is ____.

____________________ is the most abundant greenhouse gas.

What is the glacial evidence for measuring climate change?

How much energy does the Sun produce; what happens to its energy output over time?

Nearly 80 percent of human-induced carbon emissions occur through industry and agriculture.

Extreme weather events will likely become more common in a warmer world.

Precipitation and evaporation will increase in a warmer world; however, the effects will differ from region to region.

According to many climatologists, the current period is an interglacial warming episode and ____.

Earth Systems

Minerals

Rocks

Geologic Time: a Story in the Rocks

Geologic Resources

The Active Earth: Plate Tectonics

Earthquakes and the Earths Structure

Volcanoes and Plutons

Mountains

Weathering, Soil, and Erosion

Fresh Water: Streams, Lakes, Ground Water, and Wetlands

Water Resources

Glaciers and Ice Ages

Deserts and Wind

Ocean Basins

Oceans and Coastlines

The Atmosphere

Energy Balance in the Atmosphere

Moisture, Clouds, and Weather

Climate

Motions in the Heavens

Planets and Their Moons

Stars, Space, and Galaxies

Filters

Oxygen consists mainly of two isotopes, abundant ¹⁸ O and rare ¹⁶ O.