Exam 8: Volcanoes and Plutons

Explain how the asthenosphere has both molten rock and solid rock.

An increase in ____________________ and/or ____________________ will melt a hot rock.

If a rock has mineral crystals melt in a magma chamber, how does this change the volume of the magma? ______

Basaltic magma commonly remains ____________________ as it rises to the surface, whereas granitic magma usually ____________________ within the crust.

Mauna Kea Volcano in Hawaii, measured from its true base at the bottom of the ocean, is the tallest mountain in the world and is classified as a shield volcano.

Explain how granite continental crust originally came from peridotitic lava.

If you saw basaltic lava in Hawaii that had a surface which was smooth ropy surface, what specific type of lava would this be called?

If large amounts of ash dust and aerosols are released from a volcanic eruption, this will reflect sunlight and cause what type of temperature change for Earth's climate? _____________

If a volcanic eruption releases large amounts of aerosols into the atmosphere, they will reflect sunlight back to space and will cause a warming effect on Earth's climate for months or years.

What is the most important factor in producing melting in a subduction zone because higher water percentages of it allows the magma to melt at a lower temperature?

Generally, a mixture of two or more minerals will begin to melt at a temperature ____________________ (lower/higher) than the melting point of any one of the minerals in its pure state.

Explain two ways basaltic magma is deposited on the Earth's surface.

The most common type of oceanic igneous rock is _____________ because it comes from mid-oceanic ridges while the most come type of continental igneous rock is _________________ because it makes up the continents.

What is the process in which peridotite melts and forms basalt that is more silica rich?

A shield volcano is produced by ____.

If you visit the Hawaiian Islands and go see Kilauea, what specific type of volcano would it be called? _________

The oldest zircons from Australian sandstone were formed when the Earth formed it oldest continental crust and must have derived from what type of rock?

Explain how batholiths can cover more than 100 km² in diameter.

Explain how water impacts the temperature at which magma solidifies.

If a geologist found an igneous pluton at the surface and it was 40 km2, what type of feature would it be?