Exam 3: Defining and Measuring Variables

Participants who know that they are being observed may modify their behavior. This problem is known as ____.

Participants taking on the negativistic subject role ____.

Using an anonymous questionnaire to determine how many times students send or receive text messages during class is an example of using what modality of measurement?

Whenever an operational definition is used for a hypothetical construct, the question of reliability is important to consider.

Cues given to the participants about how they are expected to behave define a situation's ____.

Determining a person's reaction time (in milliseconds) would involve measurement on a(n) ____ scale of measurement.

After measuring a group of individuals, a researcher finds that Jared's score is three times greater than Jasmin's score. These measurements must come from a(n) ____ scale.

Which type of subject role is most desirable for a research study?

A measurement procedure is valid if it ____.

You develop a new measure of anxiety and you find that people who score high on your measure show more anxious behavior than people who score low on your measure. You have demonstrated ____.

A floor effect means that a measurement procedure is not likely to detect a decrease in scores.

The purpose of an operational definition is to ____.

Demonstrating that scores from a new measurement procedure are related to scores from an established measure of the same construct is called convergent validity.

A reliable measurement procedure produces similar scores when the same individuals are measured twice under similar conditions.

Counting the number of times a third-grade student leaves his seat without permission during a 30-minute observation period is an example of using what modality of measurement?

What term is used for an external factor that may influence or distort the measurements in a research study?

An artifact such as demand characteristics can threaten both the internal and the external validity of a research study.

Two observers record similar observations on a behavioral rating scale for a group of children they are watching. The researchers have established what kind of reliability?

Establishing the reliability of a measurement procedure by using the procedure to measure the same individuals on two separate occasions and comparing the two sets of scores is known as ____ reliability.

A student's score on a measurement of impulse control allows researchers to form an accurate expectation for how well the student will control his or her impulses in class. This test illustrates ____ validity.