Question 1

How do studies using the experimental research strategy differ from other types of research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only experiments can demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between variables. 
B)  Only experiments involve comparing two or more groups of scores. 
C)  Only experiments can describe the relationship between variables. 
D)  Only experiments can demonstrate a bidirectional relationship between variables. 
A)  Only experiments can demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between variables. 
B)  Only experiments involve comparing two or more groups of scores. 
C)  Only experiments can describe the relationship between variables. 
D)  Only experiments can demonstrate a bidirectional relationship between variables.

Question 2

If a study finds that there is a strong relationship between two variables, this means that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the first variable causes a change in the second variable 
B)  the second variable causes a change in the first variable 
C)  you can draw the conclusion that each variable causes the other variable to change 
D)  there is a relationship between the variables but causality has not been established 
A)  the first variable causes a change in the second variable 
B)  the second variable causes a change in the first variable 
C)  you can draw the conclusion that each variable causes the other variable to change 
D)  there is a relationship between the variables but causality has not been established

Question 3

In an experiment, the process of manipulation involves changing the value of the dependent variable from one treatment condition to another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In order to establish an unambiguous relationship between two variables, it is necessary to eliminate the possible influence of ____ variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  extraneous 
B)  confounding 
C)  independent 
D)  dependent 
A)  extraneous 
B)  confounding 
C)  independent 
D)  dependent

Question 5

Dr. Sian varies the amount of a new sedative given to three groups of participants (0, 1, and 2 mg) and then observes the reaction for each group. The 0-mg condition represents the ____ condition.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental 
B)  manipulation check 
C)  no-treatment control 
D)  waiting-list control 
A)  experimental 
B)  manipulation check 
C)  no-treatment control 
D)  waiting-list control

Question 6

An experiment comparing a treatment condition with a no-treatment control condition has no independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In an experiment, a confounding variable is a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  example of the third-variable problem 
B)  example of the directionality problem 
C)  limitation on the ability to manipulate the independent variable 
D)  threat to internal validity 
A)  example of the third-variable problem 
B)  example of the directionality problem 
C)  limitation on the ability to manipulate the independent variable 
D)  threat to internal validity

Question 8

Randomizing a variable such as participant gender guarantees that it will not become a confounding variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Simulation involves bringing aspects of the real world into the laboratory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A researcher has observed that adults who are more optimistic tend to have a higher level of life satisfaction than adults who are less optimistic. However, the researcher suspects that the apparent relationship may be explained by the fact that some people have positive things happen in their lives, which causes them to be more optimistic and satisfied with their lives compared to people who have bad things happen in their lives and therefore have a more negative outlook on things. This is an example of the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  directionality problem 
B)  third-variable problem 
C)  extraneous variable problem 
D)  manipulation check problem 
A)  directionality problem 
B)  third-variable problem 
C)  extraneous variable problem 
D)  manipulation check problem

Question 11

Results from a research study indicate that students who exercised just before studying had better scores on their exams than students who did not exercise before studying. For this study, the independent variable is exercise versus no exercise before study sessions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

An experiment always involves comparing measurements obtained under one level of the independent variable with measurements obtained under another level of the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In an experiment, a researcher manipulates people's mood to determine whether changes in mood cause changes in memory performance. However, the researcher is not sure that the manipulation is really causing people's mood to change. In this case, what should the researcher do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Control mood by holding it constant. 
B)  Control mood by matching it across treatment conditions. 
C)  Add a no-treatment control group in which mood is not manipulated. 
D)  Add a manipulation check by measuring mood. 
A)  Control mood by holding it constant. 
B)  Control mood by matching it across treatment conditions. 
C)  Add a no-treatment control group in which mood is not manipulated. 
D)  Add a manipulation check by measuring mood.

Question 14

The measured variable in an experiment is the ____ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent 
B)  dependent 
C)  extraneous 
D)  confounding 
A)  independent 
B)  dependent 
C)  extraneous 
D)  confounding

Question 15

The purpose of an experiment is to demonstrate that changes in one variable are responsible for causing changes in a second variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

If two variables are consistently related to one another, you can conclude that changes in one variable are causing changes to occur in the other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Explain the difference between a no-treatment control condition and a placebo control condition.

Accepted Answer

A no-treatment control condition is simp

Question 18

Preventing an extraneous variable from becoming a confounding variable by holding it constant can result in a threat to external validity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A researcher attempts to recreate the real world in the laboratory. This type of research is called a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  simulation study 
B)  field study 
C)  transported study 
D)  quasi-experimental study 
A)  simulation study 
B)  field study 
C)  transported study 
D)  quasi-experimental study

Question 20

In an experiment, manipulation of the independent variable requires ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  creating one treatment condition defined by one level of the independent variable 
B)  creating at least two treatment conditions defined by two different levels of the independent variable 
C)  creating at least three treatment conditions defined by three different levels of the independent variable 
D)  measuring two separate variables to determine how they are related 
A)  creating one treatment condition defined by one level of the independent variable 
B)  creating at least two treatment conditions defined by two different levels of the independent variable 
C)  creating at least three treatment conditions defined by three different levels of the independent variable 
D)  measuring two separate variables to determine how they are related

How do studies using the experimental research strategy differ from other types of research?

If a study finds that there is a strong relationship between two variables, this means that ____.

In an experiment, the process of manipulation involves changing the value of the dependent variable from one treatment condition to another.

In order to establish an unambiguous relationship between two variables, it is necessary to eliminate the possible influence of ____ variables.

Dr. Sian varies the amount of a new sedative given to three groups of participants (0, 1, and 2 mg) and then observes the reaction for each group. The 0-mg condition represents the ____ condition.

An experiment comparing a treatment condition with a no-treatment control condition has no independent variable.

In an experiment, a confounding variable is a(n) ____.

Randomizing a variable such as participant gender guarantees that it will not become a confounding variable.

Simulation involves bringing aspects of the real world into the laboratory.

Results from a research study indicate that students who exercised just before studying had better scores on their exams than students who did not exercise before studying. For this study, the independent variable is exercise versus no exercise before study sessions.

An experiment always involves comparing measurements obtained under one level of the independent variable with measurements obtained under another level of the independent variable.

In an experiment, a researcher manipulates people's mood to determine whether changes in mood cause changes in memory performance. However, the researcher is not sure that the manipulation is really causing people's mood to change. In this case, what should the researcher do?

The measured variable in an experiment is the ____ variable.

The purpose of an experiment is to demonstrate that changes in one variable are responsible for causing changes in a second variable.

If two variables are consistently related to one another, you can conclude that changes in one variable are causing changes to occur in the other.

Explain the difference between a no-treatment control condition and a placebo control condition.

Preventing an extraneous variable from becoming a confounding variable by holding it constant can result in a threat to external validity.

A researcher attempts to recreate the real world in the laboratory. This type of research is called a ____.

In an experiment, manipulation of the independent variable requires ____.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas and Hypotheses

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Prepost, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

The Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Case Experimental Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing an Apa-Style Research Report

Filters

Exam 7: The Experimental Research Strategy

How do studies using the experimental research strategy differ from other types of research?

If a study finds that there is a strong relationship between two variables, this means that ____.

In an experiment, the process of manipulation involves changing the value of the dependent variable from one treatment condition to another.

In order to establish an unambiguous relationship between two variables, it is necessary to eliminate the possible influence of ____ variables.

Dr. Sian varies the amount of a new sedative given to three groups of participants (0, 1, and 2 mg) and then observes the reaction for each group. The 0-mg condition represents the ____ condition.

An experiment comparing a treatment condition with a no-treatment control condition has no independent variable.

In an experiment, a confounding variable is a(n) ____.

Randomizing a variable such as participant gender guarantees that it will not become a confounding variable.

Simulation involves bringing aspects of the real world into the laboratory.

Results from a research study indicate that students who exercised just before studying had better scores on their exams than students who did not exercise before studying. For this study, the independent variable is exercise versus no exercise before study sessions.

An experiment always involves comparing measurements obtained under one level of the independent variable with measurements obtained under another level of the independent variable.

In an experiment, a researcher manipulates people's mood to determine whether changes in mood cause changes in memory performance. However, the researcher is not sure that the manipulation is really causing people's mood to change. In this case, what should the researcher do?

The measured variable in an experiment is the ____ variable.

The purpose of an experiment is to demonstrate that changes in one variable are responsible for causing changes in a second variable.

If two variables are consistently related to one another, you can conclude that changes in one variable are causing changes to occur in the other.

Explain the difference between a no-treatment control condition and a placebo control condition.

Preventing an extraneous variable from becoming a confounding variable by holding it constant can result in a threat to external validity.

A researcher attempts to recreate the real world in the laboratory. This type of research is called a ____.

In an experiment, manipulation of the independent variable requires ____.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas and Hypotheses

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Prepost, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

The Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Case Experimental Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing an Apa-Style Research Report

Filters