Question 1

Because there is a strong positive correlation between depression and risk of divorce, we can conclude that depression causes divorce.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Both correlational studies and differential research examine the relationship between two variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

If decreases in the X variable are accompanied by decreases in the Y variable, then the correlation between X and Y is negative.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A monotonic relationship is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  consistently positive 
B)  consistently negative 
C)  consistently unidirectional 
D)  consistently significant 
A)  consistently positive 
B)  consistently negative 
C)  consistently unidirectional 
D)  consistently significant

Question 5

The Pearson correlation measures the degree to which the X and Y data points fit on a straight line.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Describe the third-variable problem and the directionality problem in correlational research. Explain how these problems make it impossible to obtain an unambiguous cause-and-effect conclusion from a correlational study.

Accepted Answer

The third-variable problem means that th

Question 7

Correlations are often used to help demonstrate the reliability and validity of measurement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A Pearson correlation of r = −0.25 indicates that a graph of the data would show points ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  clustered close to a line that slopes up to the right 
B)  clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right 
C)  widely scattered around a line that slopes up to the right 
D)  widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right 
A)  clustered close to a line that slopes up to the right 
B)  clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right 
C)  widely scattered around a line that slopes up to the right 
D)  widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right

Question 9

A researcher obtained a correlation of r = +0.62 between the amount of time spent watching television and level of blood cholesterol. This means that there is a general tendency for people who watch more television also to have higher blood cholesterol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

For a positive correlation, decreases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A researcher knows that there is a relationship between obesity and watching television for young children. However, it is not known whether children watch more TV because they are overweight, or whether they are overweight because they watch so much TV. This is an example of the third-variable problem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A statistically significant correlation means that the correlation is large and strong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

To establish the concurrent validity of a measure, of academic motivation a researcher examines the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  relationship between the scores from two administrations of the measure 
B)  relationship between the measure and another well-established measure 
C)  mean difference between the scores from two administrations of the measure 
D)  mean difference between the measure and another measure. 
A)  relationship between the scores from two administrations of the measure 
B)  relationship between the measure and another well-established measure 
C)  mean difference between the scores from two administrations of the measure 
D)  mean difference between the measure and another measure.

Question 14

If one score in a correlational study is numerical and the other is non-numerical, the non-numerical variable can be used to organize the scores into separate groups which can then be compared with a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  t test 
B)  mixed design analysis of variance 
C)  single-factor analysis of variance 
D)  chi-square hypothesis test 
A)  t test 
B)  mixed design analysis of variance 
C)  single-factor analysis of variance 
D)  chi-square hypothesis test

Question 15

A positive value for a correlation indicates ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases in X tend to be accompanied by increases in Y 
B)  increases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y 
C)  a much stronger relationship than if the correlation were negative 
D)  a much weaker relationship than if the correlation were negative 
A)  increases in X tend to be accompanied by increases in Y 
B)  increases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y 
C)  a much stronger relationship than if the correlation were negative 
D)  a much weaker relationship than if the correlation were negative

Question 16

The coefficient of determination is computed by taking the square root of the correlation coefficient .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A researcher watches children on a playground to obtain measurements of their level of activity. Then the researcher watches the children's caregivers on the playground to obtain measurements of their level of verbal reprimanding of children. The researcher hopes to demonstrate that the caregivers verbal reprimanding is related to children's activity level. This researcher is using a ____ research strategy.

Accepted Answer

A)  descriptive 
B)  correlational 
C)  experimental 
D)  scientific 
A)  descriptive 
B)  correlational 
C)  experimental 
D)  scientific

Question 18

Describe how relationships between variables can be determined if one or more of the scores is non-numerical.

Accepted Answer

When one score for an individual is non-

Question 19

Which statement correctly identifies a similarity between a correlational study and the differential research design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both demonstrate differences among groups between groups. 
B)  Both use one of the two variables to create groups of participants. 
C)  Both involve two groups with one score for each participant. 
D)  Both demonstrate the existence of a relationship between two variables. 
A)  Both demonstrate differences among groups between groups. 
B)  Both use one of the two variables to create groups of participants. 
C)  Both involve two groups with one score for each participant. 
D)  Both demonstrate the existence of a relationship between two variables.

Question 20

Explain how the purpose of the correlational research strategy differs from the experimental research strategy.

Accepted Answer

The goal of the correlational research s

Because there is a strong positive correlation between depression and risk of divorce, we can conclude that depression causes divorce.

Both correlational studies and differential research examine the relationship between two variables.

If decreases in the X variable are accompanied by decreases in the Y variable, then the correlation between X and Y is negative.

A monotonic relationship is _____.

The Pearson correlation measures the degree to which the X and Y data points fit on a straight line.

Describe the third-variable problem and the directionality problem in correlational research. Explain how these problems make it impossible to obtain an unambiguous cause-and-effect conclusion from a correlational study.

Correlations are often used to help demonstrate the reliability and validity of measurement.

A Pearson correlation of r = −0.25 indicates that a graph of the data would show points ____.

A researcher obtained a correlation of r = +0.62 between the amount of time spent watching television and level of blood cholesterol. This means that there is a general tendency for people who watch more television also to have higher blood cholesterol.

For a positive correlation, decreases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y.

A statistically significant correlation means that the correlation is large and strong.

To establish the concurrent validity of a measure, of academic motivation a researcher examines the ____.

If one score in a correlational study is numerical and the other is non-numerical, the non-numerical variable can be used to organize the scores into separate groups which can then be compared with a _____.

A positive value for a correlation indicates ____.

The coefficient of determination is computed by taking the square root of the correlation coefficient .

Describe how relationships between variables can be determined if one or more of the scores is non-numerical.

Which statement correctly identifies a similarity between a correlational study and the differential research design?

Explain how the purpose of the correlational research strategy differs from the experimental research strategy.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas and Hypotheses

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Prepost, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Case Experimental Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing an Apa-Style Research Report

Filters

Exam 12: The Correlational Research Strategy

Because there is a strong positive correlation between depression and risk of divorce, we can conclude that depression causes divorce.

Both correlational studies and differential research examine the relationship between two variables.

If decreases in the X variable are accompanied by decreases in the Y variable, then the correlation between X and Y is negative.

A monotonic relationship is _____.

The Pearson correlation measures the degree to which the X and Y data points fit on a straight line.

Describe the third-variable problem and the directionality problem in correlational research. Explain how these problems make it impossible to obtain an unambiguous cause-and-effect conclusion from a correlational study.

Correlations are often used to help demonstrate the reliability and validity of measurement.

A Pearson correlation of r = −0.25 indicates that a graph of the data would show points ____.

A researcher obtained a correlation of r = +0.62 between the amount of time spent watching television and level of blood cholesterol. This means that there is a general tendency for people who watch more television also to have higher blood cholesterol.

For a positive correlation, decreases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y.

A statistically significant correlation means that the correlation is large and strong.

To establish the concurrent validity of a measure, of academic motivation a researcher examines the ____.

If one score in a correlational study is numerical and the other is non-numerical, the non-numerical variable can be used to organize the scores into separate groups which can then be compared with a _____.

A positive value for a correlation indicates ____.

The coefficient of determination is computed by taking the square root of the correlation coefficient .

Describe how relationships between variables can be determined if one or more of the scores is non-numerical.

Which statement correctly identifies a similarity between a correlational study and the differential research design?

Explain how the purpose of the correlational research strategy differs from the experimental research strategy.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas and Hypotheses

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Prepost, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Case Experimental Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing an Apa-Style Research Report

Filters