Exam 7: Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

Lithification of sand and gravel requires both compaction and ____.

Sediment becomes sedimentary rock by the process known as ____________________.

In the accompanying figure, indicate the three (3)major depositional environments for the formation of sedimentary rock. Discuss how physical and biological processes impart distinctive characteristics to the accumulating sediment in the different environments. Illustrate with one or more examples.

By far the most common chemical sediments are ____________________ mud and grains.

Large fossils are more useful for environmental interpretations than are microfossils.

Describe strata.

The designation of sediment grain size, from largest to smallest, is gravel, sand, ____________________, and ____________________.

Sediments are classified as ____ and ____.

Carnotite ____.

Microscopic crystals of silica form a hard rock called chert, which can be shaped to form sharp cutting edges.

Along shorelines, marine ____________________and ____________________ accomplish much of the work of sediment transport and deposition.

____________________ ripple marks form in response to wind or water moving in one direction.

The Navajo Sandstone is a wind-blown sand deposit with large cross-beds. How would the sand of these ancient sedimentary rocks be characterized?

How do detrital sedimentary rocks differ from chemical sedimentary rocks?

A major characteristic of graded bedding is that the rock layers ____.

Most limestone is of biochemical origin.

Two processes that can create a rock from sediment are ____________________, in which grains are squeezed and water is lost, and ____________________, in which material is precipitated in pore spaces and binds grains together.

Siltstone, mudstone, and claystone are all types of mudrock.