Exam 10: Problems in Education and School Social Work

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​Briefly describe how reforming school financing will help achieve equal educational opportunity in the United States.

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Educational opportunities are often lacking for minorities and the poor in the United States. Nearly everyone agrees that there should be equal educational opportunity for all. But there is considerable disagreement on how this can be achieved. One of the proposals for progressing toward equal educational opportunity is reforming school financing so that an equal amount of money is spent on each student's education.
Schools in wealthy districts tend to receive considerably more money per student than schools in poor districts. Currently, a majority of the revenue for school districts in practically all states comes from local property taxes. Decaying inner cities are especially hard-pressed to finance school systems, and many schools in these areas are inferior. There is growing opposition in the United States to using property tax dollars as the primary source of revenue for funding school systems. Taxpayers on fixed incomes (such as retired older persons) are increasingly unable to pay large annual increases in their property tax bills. In 1993, taxpayers in Michigan voted to abolish using property tax revenues to fund the public school system in that state. In 1994, voters in Michigan approved a constitutional amendment to raise the state sales tax and cigarette tax as the primary sources of supporting the state's schools. One result of this action in Michigan is movement toward equalizing among school districts the amount of money spent on each student's education. Some other states are moving in a similar direction. Another suggestion for equalizing the amount of money spent on each student's education is for the federal government to pay for all primary and secondary education, giving the same amount of money per student to each school.

Low-income and minority students who do pursue a college education have greater difficulty competing academically with wealthier students, partly because they generally must work to offset some of their expenses.

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True

​​Schools in the United States have been criticized for:

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B

​​The _____ must be designed to meet the unique educational needs of each child in the "least restrictive environment" appropriate to the needs of that child.

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​Which approach do you believe will better improve education-the back-to-basics movement or the critical thinking movement?  Why?

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The "back-to-basics" movement in school systems urges that teachers receive salary increases based on seniority rather than merit.

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The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 mandated that all school districts identify students with physical, developmental, learning, and social-emotional problems and then develop specialized programs to meet their needs.

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​Describe a school social worker's role as a mental health consultant.

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​Which of the following is true about bilingual/bicultural education?

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An Individualized Education Program team, which is convened to design an education plan for a child, must include all of the following except:

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Opponents of bilingual education believe that bilingual education is expensive and reinforces separateness because it is a factor in keeping people of color living in ethnic communities.

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​Most teachers in schools:

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Describe the educational system in the United States.

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​The school system in the United States:

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​Teachers' unions have generally supported the concept of master-teacher positions in school systems.

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​All of the following statements are true of the educational system in the United States except that:

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The parental choice of schools approach strengthens the neighborhood school concept.

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​_____ are publicly funded elementary or secondary schools that have been freed from the regulations, rules, and statutes that apply to other public schools in exchange for some type of accountability for producing certain results.

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​In the context of the nature of behavior, Alfie Kohn asserts that:

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What are the consequences of making schools heavily dependent on local financing? 

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