Exam 10: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing: Using the Sign Test

Define alpha level.

One can say it is always preferable to make a Type II error.

Retaining H₀ and accepting H₀ mean the same thing.

If the alpha level is changed from 0.05 to 0.01, what effect does it have on beta?

If H 0 is validly rejected, H 1 must be true.

In stating H 0 and H 1 , one must be certain that they are _________.

Define two-tailed probability.

If you reject the null hypothesis, what type of error might you be making?

To answer this question, refer to the following hypothetical data collected using replicated measures design: What type error might you be making using a = 0.05 2 tail ?

The sign test analyzes raw scores.

Define replicated measures design.

It is impossible to prove with certainty the truth of H 1 when using sample data.

Using the sign test, and excluding ties, if H 0 is true the sample data must have half pluses and half minuses.

If we set alpha at 0.05 instead of 0.01 _________.

If p (obtained) from an experiment equals 0.05 and alpha equals 0.05 (both two-tailed), what would you conclude?

Define directional hypothesis.

Define repeated measures design.

When is it appropriate to use a directional hypothesis? Discuss.

If the obtained probability in an experiment equals 0.1500, then the probability that chance alone is at work equals 0.1500. Is this statement true? Explain.

The null hypothesis for a directional H 1 asserts that chance alone is at work or there is a real effect in the direction opposite to that predicted by H 1 . This is a correct statement, and yet we reject or retain this H 0 based on assuming chance alone is at work. What about the possibility of a real effect in the opposite direction?