Exam 17: Chi-Square and Other Nonparametric Tests

U = 0 is the lowest possible U value.

Prior to a recent gubernatorial election, a survey was conducted to determine whether there was a relationship between sexual gender and preference for the Democratic or Republican candidate. The following data were recorded. Assume the data will be analyzed with Chi-square. The value of df = _________.

Define Kruskal-Wallis test.

The Kruskal-Wallis test is used as a substitute for parametric one-way ANOVA.

Both the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test analyze differences between sums of ranks.

As the separation between the two groups of scores increases, U obt _________.

If a = 0.05, and df = 4, the value of c 2crit = _________.

The Kruskal-Wallis test analyzes the difference between sample means.

A family therapist in a hospital wanted to know if patients with a terminal illness wanted to be informed of their true medical condition. The therapist also wondered if a person age had an effect on their attitude. Because of ethical constraints the therapist asked a healthy sample of subjects who were visitors to the hospital whether they would wish to be told if they had a terminal illness. The age of the respondents was also recorded. The results are shown in the table below.

The sign test is less powerful than the Wilcoxin signed ranks test.

The Mann-Whitney U test is used with _________.

The conclusion for the data in Question 53 is _________.

The section, "What Is The Truth-Statistics and Applied Social Research-Useful or Abuseful'?" p. 512, raises some important issues. After reading that section, please answer the following questions. a. Do you think it ethical if social scientists with strong political views go out deliberately and do research biasing their questionnaires so that data will confirm their political views? How do you justify your answer? b. If an organization conducts socially relevant research and the findings turn out to be against the interest of the organization, does the company have the moral obligation to inform the public? How do you justify for your answer? c. Do drug companies have an ethical responsibility to report the outcomes of experiments they fund involving their drugs when the outcomes show their product to be inferior or no better than competing drugs? How do you justify your answer?

A political advisor believes that his candidate should not spend time addressing groups of voters who have a low opinion of him. The advisor reasons if they have a low opinion the voter won t change his mind anyway. To test this idea the advisor gets a group from an audience to rate the candidate before and after a speech. From this group he selects a sample of voters who initially rated the candidate poorly and then analyzes the effect of the speech. Here are the data. A higher rating indicates a higher opinion. a. What is the value of T obt ? b. What do you conclude using a = 0.05 1 tail ? c. What type error might one be making?

When using the Kruskal-Wallis test, tied scores between conditions are thrown out.

All inference tests depend on population characteristics.

The Mann-Whitney U test uses _________.

The value of T obt for the following data is _________.

Anytime it is appropriate to use a nonparametric statistic it is appropriate to use a parametric statistic.

The c 2 test can be used for variables with _________ scaling as long as the categories are mutually exclusive.