Question 1

Describe the five systems of Bronfenbrenner's ecological model.

Accepted Answer

Bronfenbrenner's ecological model consists of five systems that interact to influence human development. These systems are:

1. The microsystem: This is the immediate environment in which an individual lives, such as their family, school, or peer group. It includes the people and institutions that have direct interactions with the individual.

2. The mesosystem: This system involves the connections between the different parts of an individual's microsystem. For example, the relationship between a child's family and their school, and how these interactions can impact the child's development.

3. The exosystem: This system includes the external environments that indirectly influence an individual's development, such as the parent's workplace, community services, or mass media. These environments may not have direct contact with the individual, but they can still have an impact on their development.

4. The macrosystem: This system encompasses the larger cultural context in which an individual lives, including societal norms, values, and laws. It influences the other systems and can shape the individual's experiences and opportunities.

5. The chronosystem: This system involves the dimension of time and how the individual's environment and experiences change over the course of their life. It includes both the individual's personal transitions and the larger historical events that can impact their development.

These five systems work together to shape an individual's development and can help us understand the complex interactions between the individual and their environment.

Question 2

__________ are the predictable changes that every individual will encounter throughout his or her lifespan.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Normative age-graded influences 
B)  ​Normative history-graded influences 
C)  ​Nonnormative history-graded influences 
D)  ​Nonnormative life events 
A)  ​Normative age-graded influences 
B)  ​Normative history-graded influences 
C)  ​Nonnormative history-graded influences 
D)  ​Nonnormative life events A

Question 3

A researcher who observes children in a classroom during school would be conducting a​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​case study. 
B)  ​structured observation. 
C)  ​naturalistic observation. 
D)  ​anecdotal observation. 
A)  ​case study. 
B)  ​structured observation. 
C)  ​naturalistic observation. 
D)  ​anecdotal observation. C

Question 4

Which ethical principle means "to do no harm?"​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Autonomy 
B)  ​Beneficence 
C)  ​Nonmaleficence 
D)  ​Confidentiality 
A)  ​Autonomy 
B)  ​Beneficence 
C)  ​Nonmaleficence 
D)  ​Confidentiality

Question 5

Describe five ways that researchers can increase their ability to determine that the independent variable caused the observed change in the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

1. Random assignment: By randomly assign

Question 6

A __________ design is often used to chart developmental trajectories.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​cross-sectional 
B)  ​longitudinal 
C)  ​sequential 
D)  ​time-lag 
A)  ​cross-sectional 
B)  ​longitudinal 
C)  ​sequential 
D)  ​time-lag

Question 7

People who believe that humans have little control over the external forces that shape their development would espouse the __________ perspective.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​qualitative 
B)  ​quantitative 
C)  ​passive 
D)  ​active 
A)  ​qualitative 
B)  ​quantitative 
C)  ​passive 
D)  ​active

Question 8

Age is an excellent indicator of developmental status.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Describe the three types of experimental designs used in human development research.

Accepted Answer

The three types of experimental designs

Question 10

Describe six guiding principles that characterize development.

Accepted Answer

1. Sustainability: Development should me

Question 11

The term nature encompasses​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​heredity. 
B)  ​universal maturational processes. 
C)  ​hormones. 
D)  ​All of the above 
A)  ​heredity. 
B)  ​universal maturational processes. 
C)  ​hormones. 
D)  ​All of the above

Question 12

__________ is not one of Scarr and McCartney's gene-environment interactions?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Evocative gene-environment correlation 
B)  ​Passive gene-environment correlation 
C)  ​Active gene-environment correlation 
D)  ​Educative gene-environment correlation 
A)  ​Evocative gene-environment correlation 
B)  ​Passive gene-environment correlation 
C)  ​Active gene-environment correlation 
D)  ​Educative gene-environment correlation

Question 13

Family income is strongly inversely related to aggression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is not a limitation of standardized testing?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Test scores have been shown to be reliable and valid.​ 
B)  ​Tests are based on the assumption that behavior remains consistent and stable across time. 
C)  ​Tests are fairly expensive. 
D)  ​Tests are time-consuming to administer. 
A)  Test scores have been shown to be reliable and valid.​ 
B)  ​Tests are based on the assumption that behavior remains consistent and stable across time. 
C)  ​Tests are fairly expensive. 
D)  ​Tests are time-consuming to administer.

Question 15

Which correlation coefficient indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​0.75 
B)  ​-0.20 
C)  ​-0.80 
D)  ​0.55 
A)  ​0.75 
B)  ​-0.20 
C)  ​-0.80 
D)  ​0.55

Question 16

Although __________ determine(s) what we are capable of doing, __________ determine(s) what we actually do.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​the environment; genes 
B)  ​genes; the environment 
C)  ​heredity; canalization 
D)  ​canalization; heredity 
A)  ​the environment; genes 
B)  ​genes; the environment 
C)  ​heredity; canalization 
D)  ​canalization; heredity

Question 17

Helping professionals should strive to take an emic approach to truly understand the cultural meaning behind different practices and behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Abnormality is defined as behavior that is​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​deviant, distressing, dysfunctional, and dangerous. 
B)  ​deviant, disturbing, dissolute, and deleterious. 
C)  ​divergent, disturbing, dysfunctional, and dangerous. 
D)  ​divergent, distressing, dissolute, and deleterious. 
A)  ​deviant, distressing, dysfunctional, and dangerous. 
B)  ​deviant, disturbing, dissolute, and deleterious. 
C)  ​divergent, disturbing, dysfunctional, and dangerous. 
D)  ​divergent, distressing, dissolute, and deleterious.

Question 19

Development in the first few years of life is considered to be the most important.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The most recent evidence suggests that the most common and most severe mental disorders have low to moderate heritability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Describe the five systems of Bronfenbrenner's ecological model.

__________ are the predictable changes that every individual will encounter throughout his or her lifespan.

A researcher who observes children in a classroom during school would be conducting a

Which ethical principle means "to do no harm?"

Describe five ways that researchers can increase their ability to determine that the independent variable caused the observed change in the dependent variable.

A __________ design is often used to chart developmental trajectories.

People who believe that humans have little control over the external forces that shape their development would espouse the __________ perspective.

Age is an excellent indicator of developmental status.

Describe the three types of experimental designs used in human development research.

Describe six guiding principles that characterize development.

The term nature encompasses

__________ is not one of Scarr and McCartney's gene-environment interactions?

Family income is strongly inversely related to aggression.

Which of the following is not a limitation of standardized testing?

Which correlation coefficient indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?

Although determine(s) what we are capable of doing, determine(s) what we actually do.

Helping professionals should strive to take an emic approach to truly understand the cultural meaning behind different practices and behaviors.

Abnormality is defined as behavior that is

Development in the first few years of life is considered to be the most important.

The most recent evidence suggests that the most common and most severe mental disorders have low to moderate heritability.

Theories of Human Development Cognitions, Morality and Faith, and the Human Experience

Genetics, Heredity, Environment, and Prenatal Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in the Infancy and Toddlerhood Years

Emotional and Social Development in the Infancy and Toddlerhood Years

The Preschool Years Early Childhood Physical and Cognitive Development

The Preschool Years Early Childhood Emotional and Social Development

Middle Childhood Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Childhood Emotional and Social Development

The Adolescent Years Physical and Cognitive Development

The Adolescent Years Emotional, Identity, and Social Development

Young Adulthood Physical and Cognitive Development

Young Adulthood Social, Emotional and Career Development

Middle Adulthood Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Adulthood Socialemotional, Family, Career, and Spiritual Development

Later Adulthood and Old Age Physical and Cognitive Development

Relationships and Psychosocial Aspects of Later Adulthood

Filters

Exam 1: Important Fundamental Principles in Lifespan Development

Describe the five systems of Bronfenbrenner's ecological model.

__________ are the predictable changes that every individual will encounter throughout his or her lifespan.​

A researcher who observes children in a classroom during school would be conducting a​

Which ethical principle means "to do no harm?"​

Describe five ways that researchers can increase their ability to determine that the independent variable caused the observed change in the dependent variable.

A __________ design is often used to chart developmental trajectories.​

People who believe that humans have little control over the external forces that shape their development would espouse the __________ perspective.​

Age is an excellent indicator of developmental status.

Describe the three types of experimental designs used in human development research.

Describe six guiding principles that characterize development.

The term nature encompasses​

__________ is not one of Scarr and McCartney's gene-environment interactions?​

Family income is strongly inversely related to aggression.

Which of the following is not a limitation of standardized testing?​

Which correlation coefficient indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?​

Although __________ determine(s) what we are capable of doing, __________ determine(s) what we actually do.​

Helping professionals should strive to take an emic approach to truly understand the cultural meaning behind different practices and behaviors.

Abnormality is defined as behavior that is​

Development in the first few years of life is considered to be the most important.

The most recent evidence suggests that the most common and most severe mental disorders have low to moderate heritability.

Theories of Human Development Cognitions, Morality and Faith, and the Human Experience

Genetics, Heredity, Environment, and Prenatal Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in the Infancy and Toddlerhood Years

Emotional and Social Development in the Infancy and Toddlerhood Years

The Preschool Years Early Childhood Physical and Cognitive Development

The Preschool Years Early Childhood Emotional and Social Development

Middle Childhood Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Childhood Emotional and Social Development

The Adolescent Years Physical and Cognitive Development

The Adolescent Years Emotional, Identity, and Social Development

Young Adulthood Physical and Cognitive Development

Young Adulthood Social, Emotional and Career Development

Middle Adulthood Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Adulthood Socialemotional, Family, Career, and Spiritual Development

Later Adulthood and Old Age Physical and Cognitive Development

Relationships and Psychosocial Aspects of Later Adulthood

Filters

__________ are the predictable changes that every individual will encounter throughout his or her lifespan.

A researcher who observes children in a classroom during school would be conducting a

Which ethical principle means "to do no harm?"

A __________ design is often used to chart developmental trajectories.

People who believe that humans have little control over the external forces that shape their development would espouse the __________ perspective.

The term nature encompasses

__________ is not one of Scarr and McCartney's gene-environment interactions?

Which of the following is not a limitation of standardized testing?

Which correlation coefficient indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?

Although determine(s) what we are capable of doing, determine(s) what we actually do.

Abnormality is defined as behavior that is