Question 1

When aggression stops an undesired outcome or prevents it altogether, the aggressive behavior will increase in the future through the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  positive punishment. 
D)  negative punishment. 
A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  positive punishment. 
D)  negative punishment. B

Question 2

Jim thinks it would be funny to replace Dwight's regular after-work pitcher of beer with non-alcoholic brew without telling him.Research suggests that after drinking this pitcher, Dwight would

Accepted Answer

A)  be much less aggressive than he usually is after drinking alcoholic beer. 
B)  exhibit a severe form of alcohol myopia. 
C)  potentially be just as aggressive as usual given his expectation that he has consumed alcohol. 
D)  be less likely than usual to engage in displacement. 
A)  be much less aggressive than he usually is after drinking alcoholic beer. 
B)  exhibit a severe form of alcohol myopia. 
C)  potentially be just as aggressive as usual given his expectation that he has consumed alcohol. 
D)  be less likely than usual to engage in displacement. C

Question 3

Which of the following conclusions is least consistent with the original formulation of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The need to aggress in response to frustration can be reduced if the frustrated individual behaves in an aggressive but relatively harmless way toward an object that is not related to the source of the frustration. 
B)  The need to aggress in response to frustration is taught directly by reinforcement, important models, and the media, and can be "unlearned" if the reinforcements and models change. 
C)  The need to aggress in response to frustration is a psychological drive that resembles the physiological drive of seeking food in response to hunger. 
D)  The need to aggress in response to frustration can lead to nonviolent acts of aggression such as spreading rumors about someone or telling hostile jokes. 
A)  The need to aggress in response to frustration can be reduced if the frustrated individual behaves in an aggressive but relatively harmless way toward an object that is not related to the source of the frustration. 
B)  The need to aggress in response to frustration is taught directly by reinforcement, important models, and the media, and can be "unlearned" if the reinforcements and models change. 
C)  The need to aggress in response to frustration is a psychological drive that resembles the physiological drive of seeking food in response to hunger. 
D)  The need to aggress in response to frustration can lead to nonviolent acts of aggression such as spreading rumors about someone or telling hostile jokes. B

Question 4

Bandura's (1961)study of aggressive behavior in children

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstrated that children will follow an adult model's lead in terms of degree and nature of aggression demonstrated. 
B)  identified the specific antisocial personality characteristics associated with highly aggressive children. 
C)  demonstrated that violent TV has little effect on children's own aggressive tendencies. 
D)  illustrated the ability of punishment to curtail the aggressive tendencies of children. 
A)  demonstrated that children will follow an adult model's lead in terms of degree and nature of aggression demonstrated. 
B)  identified the specific antisocial personality characteristics associated with highly aggressive children. 
C)  demonstrated that violent TV has little effect on children's own aggressive tendencies. 
D)  illustrated the ability of punishment to curtail the aggressive tendencies of children.

Question 5

Shawna has just gone through a break-up with her arrogant and selfish boyfriend.While hitting the punching bag in her kickboxing class, she imagines that she is punching her boyfriend's head.Shawna believes that engaging in the relatively harmless pursuit of hitting the punching bag will drain the energy from her more violent tendencies (like her temptation to slit the tires of his car or to break his legs).Research on the idea of catharsis suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  hitting the punching bag will reduce Shawna's "hot-blooded" aggressive intent. 
B)  the good feelings Shawna derives from hitting the punching bag will be replaced by feelings of guilt and shame, which will make her less likely to engage in aggression in the future. 
C)  hitting the punching bag will be a more successful technique for Shawna's attempt to reduce future aggression than would distracting herself by going out and having fun with other friends. 
D)  hitting the punching bag will make Shawna feel more aggressive toward her ex-boyfriend. 
A)  hitting the punching bag will reduce Shawna's "hot-blooded" aggressive intent. 
B)  the good feelings Shawna derives from hitting the punching bag will be replaced by feelings of guilt and shame, which will make her less likely to engage in aggression in the future. 
C)  hitting the punching bag will be a more successful technique for Shawna's attempt to reduce future aggression than would distracting herself by going out and having fun with other friends. 
D)  hitting the punching bag will make Shawna feel more aggressive toward her ex-boyfriend.

Question 6

The only way that Britney can get her husband to stop leaving his dirty socks on the kitchen table is to pinch him every time he does it.Britney's aggressive behavior is maintained through

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  positive punishment. 
D)  negative punishment. 
A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  positive punishment. 
D)  negative punishment.

Question 7

Forbes and others (2009)examined how levels of aggression differed in individualist versus collectivist cultures.They found that

Accepted Answer

A)  aggression levels were highest in the U.S., a highly individualist culture. 
B)  aggression levels were highest in China, a highly collectivist culture. 
C)  aggression levels were lowest in the U.S., a highly collectivist culture. 
D)  both the U.S. and China had equally high levels of aggression. 
A)  aggression levels were highest in the U.S., a highly individualist culture. 
B)  aggression levels were highest in China, a highly collectivist culture. 
C)  aggression levels were lowest in the U.S., a highly collectivist culture. 
D)  both the U.S. and China had equally high levels of aggression.

Question 8

As described by Dollard, the original notion of catharsis included two steps.What are those steps?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduction of physiological arousal; decrease in anger and aggression 
B)  Freeing up of intrapsychic energy; greater ability to distract oneself from a frustrating stimulus 
C)  Increase of physiological arousal; displacement of aggression onto weaker targets 
D)  None of these 
A)  Reduction of physiological arousal; decrease in anger and aggression 
B)  Freeing up of intrapsychic energy; greater ability to distract oneself from a frustrating stimulus 
C)  Increase of physiological arousal; displacement of aggression onto weaker targets 
D)  None of these

Question 9

United States citizens tend to be more likely than those of other nations to engage in

Accepted Answer

A)  politically motivated violence directed toward groups. 
B)  mob violence at sporting events. 
C)  violence against young girls. 
D)  gun-related violence against individuals. 
A)  politically motivated violence directed toward groups. 
B)  mob violence at sporting events. 
C)  violence against young girls. 
D)  gun-related violence against individuals.

Question 10

Which of the following is most consistent with evolutionary explanations of aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children are more likely to be abused by their biological parents than by stepparents. 
B)  Male-to-female violence is predominantly triggered by sexual jealousy. 
C)  Male-to-male violence is triggered by a rise in testosterone. 
D)  Different cultures demonstrate different levels of aggressiveness. 
A)  Children are more likely to be abused by their biological parents than by stepparents. 
B)  Male-to-female violence is predominantly triggered by sexual jealousy. 
C)  Male-to-male violence is triggered by a rise in testosterone. 
D)  Different cultures demonstrate different levels of aggressiveness.

Question 11

On his way back from work, Orin nearly collided head-on with another car.After swerving out of the way at the last minute, Orin could feel his heart racing and his hands shaking.A few minutes later, he arrived home and, just as he walked in, received a phone call from a salesperson.Orin then became verbally abusive toward the salesperson.This outcome is most consistent with the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumental aggression. 
B)  excitation transfer. 
C)  the death instinct. 
D)  incompatible responses. 
A)  instrumental aggression. 
B)  excitation transfer. 
C)  the death instinct. 
D)  incompatible responses.

Question 12

Who should be least likely to aggress?

Accepted Answer

A)  Someone who has just watched a slasher movie 
B)  Someone who has just watched a funny cartoon 
C)  Someone who has just watched a science documentary 
D)  Someone who has just watched the news 
A)  Someone who has just watched a slasher movie 
B)  Someone who has just watched a funny cartoon 
C)  Someone who has just watched a science documentary 
D)  Someone who has just watched the news

Question 13

The fact that the American population has been aging in recent years has been offered as an explanation for the

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease in violent crimes. 
B)  increase in gun-related violence. 
C)  greater availability of violent pornography. 
D)  current overcrowded conditions in prisons. 
A)  decrease in violent crimes. 
B)  increase in gun-related violence. 
C)  greater availability of violent pornography. 
D)  current overcrowded conditions in prisons.

Question 14

Charice, a teenaged girl, is angry with her friend, so she tells all her other friends that this girl is a slut.Carmen's behavior illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  indirect aggression. 
B)  hostile aggression. 
C)  physical aggression. 
D)  overt aggression. 
A)  indirect aggression. 
B)  hostile aggression. 
C)  physical aggression. 
D)  overt aggression.

Question 15

According to Smith's (2007)book about the evolutionary origins of human warfare,

Accepted Answer

A)  pacifists have a greater chance for reproductive success. 
B)  pacifism is likely to become part of human nature. 
C)  warriors have a greater chance for reproductive success. 
D)  warriors are least likely to be accepted as part of the group 
A)  pacifists have a greater chance for reproductive success. 
B)  pacifism is likely to become part of human nature. 
C)  warriors have a greater chance for reproductive success. 
D)  warriors are least likely to be accepted as part of the group

Question 16

The tendency to perceive hostile intent in the actions of others is called

Accepted Answer

A)  aggression cultivation. 
B)  emotional aggression. 
C)  excitation transfer. 
D)  the hostile attribution bias. 
A)  aggression cultivation. 
B)  emotional aggression. 
C)  excitation transfer. 
D)  the hostile attribution bias.

Question 17

Which of the following most closely represents the weapons effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  The presence of weapons deters individuals from performing aggressive acts, but not from learning the positive reinforcements that are associated with violence. 
B)  The presence of weapons can act as an aggression cue that suggests a way to release anger. 
C)  Although the presence of weapons does not make aggression more likely, it does tend to increase the severity of aggression. 
D)  Exposure to weapons in the media desensitizes individuals to violence, thus reducing their inhibitions against aggression. 
A)  The presence of weapons deters individuals from performing aggressive acts, but not from learning the positive reinforcements that are associated with violence. 
B)  The presence of weapons can act as an aggression cue that suggests a way to release anger. 
C)  Although the presence of weapons does not make aggression more likely, it does tend to increase the severity of aggression. 
D)  Exposure to weapons in the media desensitizes individuals to violence, thus reducing their inhibitions against aggression.

Question 18

Based on Bonta's (1997)research on nonviolent societies, a powerful way to reduce violence within a society would be to

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasize a strict division of labor by gender. 
B)  promote cooperation. 
C)  harshly punish all acts of aggression. 
D)  separate subcultures within the society. 
A)  emphasize a strict division of labor by gender. 
B)  promote cooperation. 
C)  harshly punish all acts of aggression. 
D)  separate subcultures within the society.

Question 19

Vandello, Cohen, and Ransom (2008)found that Caucasian men from the southern part of the U.S.were more likely than Caucasian northern men to

Accepted Answer

A)  respond to frustration with aggression. 
B)  show negative attitudes toward aggression. 
C)  overestimate the aggressiveness of their peers. 
D)  underestimate the aggressiveness of their peers. 
A)  respond to frustration with aggression. 
B)  show negative attitudes toward aggression. 
C)  overestimate the aggressiveness of their peers. 
D)  underestimate the aggressiveness of their peers.

Question 20

The strong positive correlation between testosterone levels and aggressive behavior could reflect all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  testosterone and aggression are unrelated. 
B)  testosterone increases aggression. 
C)  aggression increases testosterone. 
D)  stress may increase both aggression and testosterone. 
A)  testosterone and aggression are unrelated. 
B)  testosterone increases aggression. 
C)  aggression increases testosterone. 
D)  stress may increase both aggression and testosterone.

When aggression stops an undesired outcome or prevents it altogether, the aggressive behavior will increase in the future through the process of

Jim thinks it would be funny to replace Dwight's regular after-work pitcher of beer with non-alcoholic brew without telling him.Research suggests that after drinking this pitcher, Dwight would

Which of the following conclusions is least consistent with the original formulation of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

Bandura's (1961)study of aggressive behavior in children

The only way that Britney can get her husband to stop leaving his dirty socks on the kitchen table is to pinch him every time he does it.Britney's aggressive behavior is maintained through

Forbes and others (2009)examined how levels of aggression differed in individualist versus collectivist cultures.They found that

As described by Dollard, the original notion of catharsis included two steps.What are those steps?

United States citizens tend to be more likely than those of other nations to engage in

Which of the following is most consistent with evolutionary explanations of aggression?

Who should be least likely to aggress?

The fact that the American population has been aging in recent years has been offered as an explanation for the

Charice, a teenaged girl, is angry with her friend, so she tells all her other friends that this girl is a slut.Carmen's behavior illustrates

According to Smith's (2007)book about the evolutionary origins of human warfare,

The tendency to perceive hostile intent in the actions of others is called

Which of the following most closely represents the weapons effect?

Based on Bonta's (1997)research on nonviolent societies, a powerful way to reduce violence within a society would be to

Vandello, Cohen, and Ransom (2008)found that Caucasian men from the southern part of the U.S.were more likely than Caucasian northern men to

The strong positive correlation between testosterone levels and aggressive behavior could reflect all of the following except

What is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Law

Business

Health and Well being

Filters

Exam 11: Aggression

When aggression stops an undesired outcome or prevents it altogether, the aggressive behavior will increase in the future through the process of

Jim thinks it would be funny to replace Dwight's regular after-work pitcher of beer with non-alcoholic brew without telling him.Research suggests that after drinking this pitcher, Dwight would

Which of the following conclusions is least consistent with the original formulation of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

Bandura's (1961)study of aggressive behavior in children

The only way that Britney can get her husband to stop leaving his dirty socks on the kitchen table is to pinch him every time he does it.Britney's aggressive behavior is maintained through

Forbes and others (2009)examined how levels of aggression differed in individualist versus collectivist cultures.They found that

As described by Dollard, the original notion of catharsis included two steps.What are those steps?

United States citizens tend to be more likely than those of other nations to engage in

Which of the following is most consistent with evolutionary explanations of aggression?

Who should be least likely to aggress?

The fact that the American population has been aging in recent years has been offered as an explanation for the

Charice, a teenaged girl, is angry with her friend, so she tells all her other friends that this girl is a slut.Carmen's behavior illustrates

According to Smith's (2007)book about the evolutionary origins of human warfare,

The tendency to perceive hostile intent in the actions of others is called

Which of the following most closely represents the weapons effect?

Based on Bonta's (1997)research on nonviolent societies, a powerful way to reduce violence within a society would be to

Vandello, Cohen, and Ransom (2008)found that Caucasian men from the southern part of the U.S.were more likely than Caucasian northern men to

The strong positive correlation between testosterone levels and aggressive behavior could reflect all of the following except

What is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Law

Business

Health and Well being

Filters