Question 1

Informational influence occurs primarily because people

Accepted Answer

A)  believe that others are correct in their judgments. 
B)  fear the negative social consequences of appearing deviant. 
C)  are motivated to appear consistent in their feelings and behaviors. 
D)  respond to social norms automatically and without any thought. 
A)  believe that others are correct in their judgments. 
B)  fear the negative social consequences of appearing deviant. 
C)  are motivated to appear consistent in their feelings and behaviors. 
D)  respond to social norms automatically and without any thought. A

Question 2

A person high in reciprocation wariness would most likely endorse which of the following items?

Accepted Answer

A)  If someone does you a favor, it is good to repay that favor. 
B)  Asking for someone's help gives that person power over your life. 
C)  Never lend money to a friend. 
D)  Generosity is always appropriate. 
A)  If someone does you a favor, it is good to repay that favor. 
B)  Asking for someone's help gives that person power over your life. 
C)  Never lend money to a friend. 
D)  Generosity is always appropriate. B

Question 3

Specific variables concerning the victim in Milgram's research on destructive obedience affected participants' levels of obedience.Identify one such variable, and describe the nature of its effect.

Accepted Answer

One variable in question was the proximity of the victim in relation to participants.The less physically separated they were, the less willing participants were to obey the experimenter and administer the maximum shock voltage.When the victim was in the same room as the participants, 40 percent of the participants fully obeyed, compared to 65 percent in the baseline condition where the victim was in an adjacent room.When participants were required to physically grasp the victim's hand and force it onto a metal shock plate, full obedience dropped to 30 percent.Physical separation from the victim allowed participants to distance themselves emotionally from the consequences of their actions, enabling them to obey the experimenter's orders.But the closer the victim was to the participants, the more difficult it was for them to achieve this emotional distance, and, therefore, the negative consequences of their actions were impossible to ignore.Social impact theory offers a related explanation, one that accounts for the effects of proximity in terms of the immediacy of the sources of influence.Just as the experimenter is a source of influence on the participants, so, too, is the victim a source of influence, albeit in an opposite manner.That is, the experimenter influences the participants to obey, and the victim, by protesting and crying out in pain, influences the participants to defy the experimenter's orders.The more distant the victim is from the participant, the less immediate is this source of influence, and, therefore, the less social impact it exerts.

Question 4

As group size increases, conformity will

Accepted Answer

A)  increase. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  increase as long as each additional member of the group is perceived as an independent source of influence. 
D)  decrease as long as each additional member of the group is perceived as an independent source of influence. 
A)  increase. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  increase as long as each additional member of the group is perceived as an independent source of influence. 
D)  decrease as long as each additional member of the group is perceived as an independent source of influence.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of Milgram's obedience study?

Accepted Answer

A)  When participants were required to manually force the victim's hand onto a shock plate, obedience completely disappeared. 
B)  The experimenter informed participants that he took complete responsibility for any consequences of the participant's actions. 
C)  Participants obeyed to the same extent whether the experimenter gave directions in person or over the telephone. 
D)  The percentage of participants who obeyed to the end was the same as the percentage of participants who conformed in the Asch study. 
A)  When participants were required to manually force the victim's hand onto a shock plate, obedience completely disappeared. 
B)  The experimenter informed participants that he took complete responsibility for any consequences of the participant's actions. 
C)  Participants obeyed to the same extent whether the experimenter gave directions in person or over the telephone. 
D)  The percentage of participants who obeyed to the end was the same as the percentage of participants who conformed in the Asch study.

Question 6

The primary difference between the research of Sherif (1936)and Asch (1951)is that

Accepted Answer

A)  Sherif was able to demonstrate conformity, whereas Asch was not. 
B)  Asch was able to demonstrate conformity, whereas Sherif was not. 
C)  Sherif relied on an ambiguous task, whereas Asch used an unambiguous task. 
D)  Asch relied on an ambiguous task, whereas Sherif used an unambiguous task. 
A)  Sherif was able to demonstrate conformity, whereas Asch was not. 
B)  Asch was able to demonstrate conformity, whereas Sherif was not. 
C)  Sherif relied on an ambiguous task, whereas Asch used an unambiguous task. 
D)  Asch relied on an ambiguous task, whereas Sherif used an unambiguous task.

Question 7

Individuals from Eastern cultures are more likely than those from Western cultures to

Accepted Answer

A)  have an independent orientation. 
B)  conform to a public norm. 
C)  disobey an authority. 
D)  possess greater heterogeneity. 
A)  have an independent orientation. 
B)  conform to a public norm. 
C)  disobey an authority. 
D)  possess greater heterogeneity.

Question 8

Research rebellion and obedience suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  disobedience to authority is much more likely in the presence of other allies who will also disobey. 
B)  the presence of an ally has very different results for obedience than it does for conformity. 
C)  participants in the Milgram studies would have been even more likely to obey had there been another participant seated at the shock panel with them. 
D)  the presence of a group of people is a guaranteed safeguard against destructive obedience. 
A)  disobedience to authority is much more likely in the presence of other allies who will also disobey. 
B)  the presence of an ally has very different results for obedience than it does for conformity. 
C)  participants in the Milgram studies would have been even more likely to obey had there been another participant seated at the shock panel with them. 
D)  the presence of a group of people is a guaranteed safeguard against destructive obedience.

Question 9

Interpersonal credits a person earns by following group norms are called _____ credits.

Accepted Answer

A)  idiosyncrasy 
B)  brownie 
C)  group 
D)  normative 
A)  idiosyncrasy 
B)  brownie 
C)  group 
D)  normative

Question 10

No one else seems concerned about the welfare of the woman lying down in the alley.Therefore, Maureen steps over her as well, figuring that she is simply drunk or asleep and not in need of emergency assistance.Maureen's behavior is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  informational social influence. 
B)  normative social influence. 
C)  compliance. 
D)  obedience. 
A)  informational social influence. 
B)  normative social influence. 
C)  compliance. 
D)  obedience.

Question 11

At a campaign meeting, the majority of the staff argues that they should use negative ads to attack their opponent.Despite their strong feelings on this matter, Stefan argues successfully for positive ads.According to the dual-process approach, Stefan's influence has probably resulted in

Accepted Answer

A)  defiance. 
B)  conversion. 
C)  public conformity. 
D)  collusion. 
A)  defiance. 
B)  conversion. 
C)  public conformity. 
D)  collusion.

Question 12

Jane bought her friends--Mayumi, Brenda, and Kate--drinks the last time they were out.The next time she needs to borrow money from one of them, who will feel the strongest need to reciprocate Jane's act of generosity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mayumi, who is out with Jane the next night 
B)  Kate, who is out with Jane the next week 
C)  Brenda, who is out with Jane the next month 
D)  All three will feel equally pressured to reciprocate 
A)  Mayumi, who is out with Jane the next night 
B)  Kate, who is out with Jane the next week 
C)  Brenda, who is out with Jane the next month 
D)  All three will feel equally pressured to reciprocate

Question 13

According to work by Triandis (1995), collectivist cultures are characterized by a pattern of

Accepted Answer

A)  low complexity, low affluence, and cultural homogeneity. 
B)  low complexity, high affluence, and cultural heterogeneity. 
C)  high complexity, low affluence, and cultural homogeneity. 
D)  high complexity, high affluence, and cultural heterogeneity. 
A)  low complexity, low affluence, and cultural homogeneity. 
B)  low complexity, high affluence, and cultural heterogeneity. 
C)  high complexity, low affluence, and cultural homogeneity. 
D)  high complexity, high affluence, and cultural heterogeneity.

Question 14

Which of the following is the best example of normative influence?

Accepted Answer

A)  When patients adhere rigidly to doctors' recommendations 
B)  When people estimate how far a stable dot has moved by referring to others' estimates 
C)  When people wear a particular type of shoe because it is considered fashionable even though it is uncomfortable 
D)  When military personnel follow a superior's orders that are morally questionable 
A)  When patients adhere rigidly to doctors' recommendations 
B)  When people estimate how far a stable dot has moved by referring to others' estimates 
C)  When people wear a particular type of shoe because it is considered fashionable even though it is uncomfortable 
D)  When military personnel follow a superior's orders that are morally questionable

Question 15

Which of the following is not considered one of the three forms of social influence discussed in this chapter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conformity 
B)  Compliance 
C)  Obedience 
D)  Independence 
A)  Conformity 
B)  Compliance 
C)  Obedience 
D)  Independence

Question 16

According to the dual-process approach to understanding minority influence,

Accepted Answer

A)  majority and minority influence occur for similar reasons and through similar psychological processes. 
B)  group majorities and minorities exert their influence in very different ways. 
C)  majority influence is likely to produce private conformity for ambiguous situations and public conformity for unambiguous situations. 
D)  minority influence occurs through different psychological processes in collectivist versus individualistic cultures. 
A)  majority and minority influence occur for similar reasons and through similar psychological processes. 
B)  group majorities and minorities exert their influence in very different ways. 
C)  majority influence is likely to produce private conformity for ambiguous situations and public conformity for unambiguous situations. 
D)  minority influence occurs through different psychological processes in collectivist versus individualistic cultures.

Question 17

According to Moscovici, majorities derive their power to influence others by virtue of their _____, whereas minorities derive their power to influence others from their _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  social connections; sheer number 
B)  informational connections; social standing 
C)  sheer number; style of behavior 
D)  informational influence; normative influence 
A)  social connections; sheer number 
B)  informational connections; social standing 
C)  sheer number; style of behavior 
D)  informational influence; normative influence

Question 18

Natasha convinces Joel to take her to the airport by first asking him to loan her his car for a week.Her attempt to get Joel to do her a favor is most likely based on the principles of

Accepted Answer

A)  commitment and reciprocity. 
B)  perceptual contrast and self-perception. 
C)  reciprocal concessions and perceptual contrast. 
D)  self-perception and commitment. 
A)  commitment and reciprocity. 
B)  perceptual contrast and self-perception. 
C)  reciprocal concessions and perceptual contrast. 
D)  self-perception and commitment.

Question 19

In order to convince people to buy lunch from their restaurant in the food court, employees at the Chinese restaurant gave out free samples of chicken teriyaki to everyone who walks by.The restaurant employees are hoping to take advantage of the

Accepted Answer

A)  door-in-the-face technique. 
B)  that's-not-all technique. 
C)  norm of reciprocity. 
D)  chameleon effect. 
A)  door-in-the-face technique. 
B)  that's-not-all technique. 
C)  norm of reciprocity. 
D)  chameleon effect.

Question 20

Jamie wants an extra day to write a paper for class.Jamie first asks the professor for a one-week extension for the paper assignment.The professor refuses.Jamie then asks for a one-day extension.The professor agrees.Jamie's behavior best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the door-in-the-face technique. 
B)  the foot-in-the-door technique. 
C)  reactance. 
D)  the dual-process approach. 
A)  the door-in-the-face technique. 
B)  the foot-in-the-door technique. 
C)  reactance. 
D)  the dual-process approach.

Informational influence occurs primarily because people

A person high in reciprocation wariness would most likely endorse which of the following items?

Specific variables concerning the victim in Milgram's research on destructive obedience affected participants' levels of obedience.Identify one such variable, and describe the nature of its effect.

As group size increases, conformity will

Which of the following is true of Milgram's obedience study?

The primary difference between the research of Sherif (1936)and Asch (1951)is that

Individuals from Eastern cultures are more likely than those from Western cultures to

Research rebellion and obedience suggests that

Interpersonal credits a person earns by following group norms are called _____ credits.

No one else seems concerned about the welfare of the woman lying down in the alley.Therefore, Maureen steps over her as well, figuring that she is simply drunk or asleep and not in need of emergency assistance.Maureen's behavior is an example of

At a campaign meeting, the majority of the staff argues that they should use negative ads to attack their opponent.Despite their strong feelings on this matter, Stefan argues successfully for positive ads.According to the dual-process approach, Stefan's influence has probably resulted in

Jane bought her friends--Mayumi, Brenda, and Kate--drinks the last time they were out.The next time she needs to borrow money from one of them, who will feel the strongest need to reciprocate Jane's act of generosity?

According to work by Triandis (1995), collectivist cultures are characterized by a pattern of

Which of the following is the best example of normative influence?

Which of the following is not considered one of the three forms of social influence discussed in this chapter?

According to the dual-process approach to understanding minority influence,

According to Moscovici, majorities derive their power to influence others by virtue of their _, whereas minorities derive their power to influence others from their _.

Natasha convinces Joel to take her to the airport by first asking him to loan her his car for a week.Her attempt to get Joel to do her a favor is most likely based on the principles of

In order to convince people to buy lunch from their restaurant in the food court, employees at the Chinese restaurant gave out free samples of chicken teriyaki to everyone who walks by.The restaurant employees are hoping to take advantage of the

Jamie wants an extra day to write a paper for class.Jamie first asks the professor for a one-week extension for the paper assignment.The professor refuses.Jamie then asks for a one-day extension.The professor agrees.Jamie's behavior best illustrates

What is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health and Well being

Filters

Exam 7: Conformity

Informational influence occurs primarily because people

A person high in reciprocation wariness would most likely endorse which of the following items?

Specific variables concerning the victim in Milgram's research on destructive obedience affected participants' levels of obedience.Identify one such variable, and describe the nature of its effect.

As group size increases, conformity will

Which of the following is true of Milgram's obedience study?

The primary difference between the research of Sherif (1936)and Asch (1951)is that

Individuals from Eastern cultures are more likely than those from Western cultures to

Research rebellion and obedience suggests that

Interpersonal credits a person earns by following group norms are called _____ credits.

No one else seems concerned about the welfare of the woman lying down in the alley.Therefore, Maureen steps over her as well, figuring that she is simply drunk or asleep and not in need of emergency assistance.Maureen's behavior is an example of

At a campaign meeting, the majority of the staff argues that they should use negative ads to attack their opponent.Despite their strong feelings on this matter, Stefan argues successfully for positive ads.According to the dual-process approach, Stefan's influence has probably resulted in

Jane bought her friends--Mayumi, Brenda, and Kate--drinks the last time they were out.The next time she needs to borrow money from one of them, who will feel the strongest need to reciprocate Jane's act of generosity?

According to work by Triandis (1995), collectivist cultures are characterized by a pattern of

Which of the following is the best example of normative influence?

Which of the following is not considered one of the three forms of social influence discussed in this chapter?

According to the dual-process approach to understanding minority influence,

According to Moscovici, majorities derive their power to influence others by virtue of their _____, whereas minorities derive their power to influence others from their _____.

Natasha convinces Joel to take her to the airport by first asking him to loan her his car for a week.Her attempt to get Joel to do her a favor is most likely based on the principles of

In order to convince people to buy lunch from their restaurant in the food court, employees at the Chinese restaurant gave out free samples of chicken teriyaki to everyone who walks by.The restaurant employees are hoping to take advantage of the

Jamie wants an extra day to write a paper for class.Jamie first asks the professor for a one-week extension for the paper assignment.The professor refuses.Jamie then asks for a one-day extension.The professor agrees.Jamie's behavior best illustrates

What is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health and Well being

Filters

According to Moscovici, majorities derive their power to influence others by virtue of their _, whereas minorities derive their power to influence others from their _.