Question 1

Which of the following source characteristics best explains why a company might recruit a supermodel to endorse its products?

Accepted Answer

A)  Similarity 
B)  Credibility 
C)  Likeability 
D)  Trustworthiness 
A)  Similarity 
B)  Credibility 
C)  Likeability 
D)  Trustworthiness C

Question 2

The idea that we infer our own attitudes by coolly observing ourselves and the circumstances of our behavior is most consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)  planned behavior theory. 
B)  self-perception theory. 
C)  cognitive dissonance theory. 
D)  elaboration-likelihood theory. 
A)  planned behavior theory. 
B)  self-perception theory. 
C)  cognitive dissonance theory. 
D)  elaboration-likelihood theory. B

Question 3

The process by which attitudes are changed is called

Accepted Answer

A)  persuasion. 
B)  dissonance. 
C)  conditioning. 
D)  elaboration. 
A)  persuasion. 
B)  dissonance. 
C)  conditioning. 
D)  elaboration. A

Question 4

The idea that people are more likely to be influenced by messages that match their frame of mind is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  self-verification. 
B)  regulatory fit. 
C)  the matching hypothesis. 
D)  the affect congruency effect. 
A)  self-verification. 
B)  regulatory fit. 
C)  the matching hypothesis. 
D)  the affect congruency effect.

Question 5

The process by which we form an attitude toward a neutral stimulus because of its association with a positive or negative person, place, or thing is called

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluative conditioning. 
B)  persuasion. 
C)  insufficient justification. 
D)  psychological reactance. 
A)  evaluative conditioning. 
B)  persuasion. 
C)  insufficient justification. 
D)  psychological reactance.

Question 6

Cacioppo and Petty (1981)recorded facial muscle activity of college students as they listened to a message with which they agreed or disagreed.The results of this study indicated that listening to a(n)_____ message increases activity in the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  disagreeable; cheek muscles 
B)  disagreeable; chin muscles 
C)  agreeable; cheek muscles 
D)  agreeable; muscles in the forehead and brow area 
A)  disagreeable; cheek muscles 
B)  disagreeable; chin muscles 
C)  agreeable; cheek muscles 
D)  agreeable; muscles in the forehead and brow area

Question 7

A condition in which people refrain from engaging in a desirable activity, even though only mild punishment is threatened, is called

Accepted Answer

A)  self-monitoring. 
B)  negative attitude change. 
C)  insufficient justification. 
D)  insufficient deterrence. 
A)  self-monitoring. 
B)  negative attitude change. 
C)  insufficient justification. 
D)  insufficient deterrence.

Question 8

An attitude is implicit if you

Accepted Answer

A)  try to hide it. 
B)  are not aware of it. 
C)  cannot measure it. 
D)  disagree with it. 
A)  try to hide it. 
B)  are not aware of it. 
C)  cannot measure it. 
D)  disagree with it.

Question 9

Source credibility is determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  competence. 
B)  trustworthiness. 
C)  competence and trustworthiness. 
D)  competence, trustworthiness, and likeability. 
A)  competence. 
B)  trustworthiness. 
C)  competence and trustworthiness. 
D)  competence, trustworthiness, and likeability.

Question 10

A political candidate is often eager to win the endorsement of celebrities who are popular with hordes of people.The candidate hopes that the association of his or her campaign with a popular figure will result in the masses feeling more favorable toward his or her candidacy due to

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluative conditioning. 
B)  inoculation. 
C)  the sleeper effect. 
D)  behavioral intent. 
A)  evaluative conditioning. 
B)  inoculation. 
C)  the sleeper effect. 
D)  behavioral intent.

Question 11

A negative reaction to the feeling that one's freedom is being threatened is called

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance. 
B)  psychological reactance. 
C)  forewarning. 
D)  the inoculation hypothesis. 
A)  cognitive dissonance. 
B)  psychological reactance. 
C)  forewarning. 
D)  the inoculation hypothesis.

Question 12

All of the following are necessary conditions for cognitive dissonance specified by Cooper and Fazio (1984)except

Accepted Answer

A)  people must freely choose to engage in the attitude-discrepant behavior. 
B)  people must assign responsibility for the behavior to an outside source. 
C)  people must experience physiological arousal as a result of their behavior. 
D)  people must attribute their arousal to the attitude-discrepant behavior. 
A)  people must freely choose to engage in the attitude-discrepant behavior. 
B)  people must assign responsibility for the behavior to an outside source. 
C)  people must experience physiological arousal as a result of their behavior. 
D)  people must attribute their arousal to the attitude-discrepant behavior.

Question 13

After narrowing their choices to a Toyota and a Honda, Tammy Faye and James have decided to buy a Toyota.It is likely that after making this decision, Tammy Faye and James will

Accepted Answer

A)  soon begin to question whether they should have bought the Honda instead of the Toyota. 
B)  feel less dissonance about their decision if they are told by friends that they have decorated their house nicely. 
C)  tell friends looking for a new car both the pros and cons of buying a Toyota. 
D)  feel more dissonance than they felt before making the decision. 
A)  soon begin to question whether they should have bought the Honda instead of the Toyota. 
B)  feel less dissonance about their decision if they are told by friends that they have decorated their house nicely. 
C)  tell friends looking for a new car both the pros and cons of buying a Toyota. 
D)  feel more dissonance than they felt before making the decision.

Question 14

Vicki is a lawyer who is trying to decide which of two forensic experts she should hire to provide testimony in a case.There is a large discrepancy in the fees each of the experts demands for their services.If Vicki wants the jurors to perceive her expert as trustworthy-and if she expects the witness's fees to become part of the trial record when he testifies-then she should select

Accepted Answer

A)  the more expensive expert. 
B)  the less expensive expert. 
C)  either one because of their status in their field. 
D)  the expert who has the most experience testifying in court. 
A)  the more expensive expert. 
B)  the less expensive expert. 
C)  either one because of their status in their field. 
D)  the expert who has the most experience testifying in court.

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding LaPiere's (1934)study of attitudes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Even though respondents who were asked self-report questions claimed that they would not be racially prejudiced, their behavior showed clear discrimination. 
B)  The study examined racial attitudes at a time when prejudice was much more overt and blatant than it currently is. 
C)  LaPiere was not a psychologist. 
D)  Over 90 percent of the respondents claimed that they would not offer service to a Chinese patron. 
A)  Even though respondents who were asked self-report questions claimed that they would not be racially prejudiced, their behavior showed clear discrimination. 
B)  The study examined racial attitudes at a time when prejudice was much more overt and blatant than it currently is. 
C)  LaPiere was not a psychologist. 
D)  Over 90 percent of the respondents claimed that they would not offer service to a Chinese patron.

Question 16

Louie runs a clinic that helps individuals to quit smoking, and he would like to use fear to motivate his clients.Which of the following strategies would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  First scare clients by showing them gory lung-cancer operations. Then outline the specific steps they could follow to stop smoking. 
B)  First scare clients by showing them gory lung-cancer operations. Then allow them to come up with their own ways of quitting smoking so that they are more committed. 
C)  Present statistics concerning the health hazards of smoking, but nothing too scary. Then allow the clients to come up with their own ways of quitting smoking so that they are more committed. 
D)  Present statistics concerning the health hazards of smoking, but nothing too scary. Then outline the specific steps they could follow to stop smoking. 
A)  First scare clients by showing them gory lung-cancer operations. Then outline the specific steps they could follow to stop smoking. 
B)  First scare clients by showing them gory lung-cancer operations. Then allow them to come up with their own ways of quitting smoking so that they are more committed. 
C)  Present statistics concerning the health hazards of smoking, but nothing too scary. Then allow the clients to come up with their own ways of quitting smoking so that they are more committed. 
D)  Present statistics concerning the health hazards of smoking, but nothing too scary. Then outline the specific steps they could follow to stop smoking.

Question 17

A major difference between cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory involves the extent to which _____ is necessary to lead to self-persuasion and attitude change.

Accepted Answer

A)  normative social influence 
B)  physiological arousal 
C)  self-affirmation 
D)  an implicit attitude 
A)  normative social influence 
B)  physiological arousal 
C)  self-affirmation 
D)  an implicit attitude

Question 18

Han and Shavitt found that Korean participants would respond most favorably to which of the following advertisement slogans?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Treat yourself to a breath-freshening experience." 
B)  "She's got a style all her own." 
C)  "Make your way through the crowd." 
D)  "An exhilarating way to provide for your family." 
A)  "Treat yourself to a breath-freshening experience." 
B)  "She's got a style all her own." 
C)  "Make your way through the crowd." 
D)  "An exhilarating way to provide for your family."

Question 19

The theory of planned behavior posits that behavior is a function of attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral intentions, and

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of time we have considered engaging in the behavior. 
B)  the correspondence between the attitude and the behavior. 
C)  the amount of control we perceive to have over our behavior. 
D)  the costs of engaging in the behavior. 
A)  the amount of time we have considered engaging in the behavior. 
B)  the correspondence between the attitude and the behavior. 
C)  the amount of control we perceive to have over our behavior. 
D)  the costs of engaging in the behavior.

Question 20

Selma's friends can't stand her new girlfriend, Patty, and have been pressuring Selma to stop seeing her.Selma gets agitated and feels that her friends should mind their own business and not try to "run her life" for her.According to the concept of ________, Selma would be most likely to respond by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychological reactance; breaking up with Patty 
B)  psychological reactance; feeling even more dedicated to her relationship with Patty 
C)  attitude inoculation; eventually becoming persuaded by her friends' attitudes about Patty 
D)  attitude inoculation; taking out her frustrations on Patty 
A)  psychological reactance; breaking up with Patty 
B)  psychological reactance; feeling even more dedicated to her relationship with Patty 
C)  attitude inoculation; eventually becoming persuaded by her friends' attitudes about Patty 
D)  attitude inoculation; taking out her frustrations on Patty

Which of the following source characteristics best explains why a company might recruit a supermodel to endorse its products?

The idea that we infer our own attitudes by coolly observing ourselves and the circumstances of our behavior is most consistent with

The process by which attitudes are changed is called

The idea that people are more likely to be influenced by messages that match their frame of mind is known as

The process by which we form an attitude toward a neutral stimulus because of its association with a positive or negative person, place, or thing is called

Cacioppo and Petty (1981)recorded facial muscle activity of college students as they listened to a message with which they agreed or disagreed.The results of this study indicated that listening to a(n)_ message increases activity in the _.

A condition in which people refrain from engaging in a desirable activity, even though only mild punishment is threatened, is called

An attitude is implicit if you

Source credibility is determined by

A political candidate is often eager to win the endorsement of celebrities who are popular with hordes of people.The candidate hopes that the association of his or her campaign with a popular figure will result in the masses feeling more favorable toward his or her candidacy due to

A negative reaction to the feeling that one's freedom is being threatened is called

All of the following are necessary conditions for cognitive dissonance specified by Cooper and Fazio (1984)except

After narrowing their choices to a Toyota and a Honda, Tammy Faye and James have decided to buy a Toyota.It is likely that after making this decision, Tammy Faye and James will

Which of the following statements regarding LaPiere's (1934)study of attitudes is false?

Louie runs a clinic that helps individuals to quit smoking, and he would like to use fear to motivate his clients.Which of the following strategies would be most effective?

A major difference between cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory involves the extent to which _____ is necessary to lead to self-persuasion and attitude change.

Han and Shavitt found that Korean participants would respond most favorably to which of the following advertisement slogans?

The theory of planned behavior posits that behavior is a function of attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral intentions, and

Selma's friends can't stand her new girlfriend, Patty, and have been pressuring Selma to stop seeing her.Selma gets agitated and feels that her friends should mind their own business and not try to "run her life" for her.According to the concept of , Selma would be most likely to respond by .

What is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health and Well being

Filters

Exam 6: Attitudes

Which of the following source characteristics best explains why a company might recruit a supermodel to endorse its products?

The idea that we infer our own attitudes by coolly observing ourselves and the circumstances of our behavior is most consistent with

The process by which attitudes are changed is called

The idea that people are more likely to be influenced by messages that match their frame of mind is known as

The process by which we form an attitude toward a neutral stimulus because of its association with a positive or negative person, place, or thing is called

Cacioppo and Petty (1981)recorded facial muscle activity of college students as they listened to a message with which they agreed or disagreed.The results of this study indicated that listening to a(n)_____ message increases activity in the _____.

A condition in which people refrain from engaging in a desirable activity, even though only mild punishment is threatened, is called

An attitude is implicit if you

Source credibility is determined by

A political candidate is often eager to win the endorsement of celebrities who are popular with hordes of people.The candidate hopes that the association of his or her campaign with a popular figure will result in the masses feeling more favorable toward his or her candidacy due to

A negative reaction to the feeling that one's freedom is being threatened is called

All of the following are necessary conditions for cognitive dissonance specified by Cooper and Fazio (1984)except

After narrowing their choices to a Toyota and a Honda, Tammy Faye and James have decided to buy a Toyota.It is likely that after making this decision, Tammy Faye and James will

Which of the following statements regarding LaPiere's (1934)study of attitudes is false?

Louie runs a clinic that helps individuals to quit smoking, and he would like to use fear to motivate his clients.Which of the following strategies would be most effective?

A major difference between cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory involves the extent to which _____ is necessary to lead to self-persuasion and attitude change.

Han and Shavitt found that Korean participants would respond most favorably to which of the following advertisement slogans?

The theory of planned behavior posits that behavior is a function of attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral intentions, and

What is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health and Well being

Filters

Cacioppo and Petty (1981)recorded facial muscle activity of college students as they listened to a message with which they agreed or disagreed.The results of this study indicated that listening to a(n)_ message increases activity in the _.