Chat with AIExam 5: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Two neighboring high schools have been feuding since the annual football game ended in a tie.The principals of the schools decide that the tension may subside if the two schools participate in joint activities, such as assemblies that would allow the students to hear a local band.The strategy is likely to be ineffective, however, because the
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VerifiedC
Gerianne Alexander's (2003)research on children's sex-based preferences for toys indicates that such preferences are due to
(33) VerifiedB
Describe three mechanisms that help explain why stereotypes persist even when people are presented with stereotype-inconsistent information.
(34) VerifiedIllusory correlation is one mechanism that can lead to the maintenance of stereotypes even in the presence of disconfirming information.It results from the tendency of people to see a relationship between infrequent events and negative events.People tend to think that groups that are in the minority are more likely to engage in infrequent acts.Because stereotypes are often about minority groups and because negative events are usually infrequent, illusory correlation can lead to the maintenance of negative evaluations of minority groups.A second mechanism is subtyping, the process whereby people refine a stereotype to include inconsistent individual members of a group while maintaining the overall negative evaluation of the group.Throughout this process, although evaluations of an individual member may not be consistent with the stereotype, evaluations of the group remain the same.A third mechanism is the confirmation bias, which causes people to seek out and pay more attention to stereotype-consistent information than to stereotype-inconsistent information.Confirmation biases lead people to discount information that is inconsistent with the stereotype, to interpret ambiguous information in an expectation-consistent manner, and even to elicit behavior that confirms their expectations.
Allport and Postman's (1947)study using a photograph of a subway car demonstrated how racial stereotypes
(36) People can counter the potentially negative effects of stereotype activation by
(36) According to social-role theory, gender differences that arise from social roles provide a continuing basis for
(42) A form of prejudice that surfaces in subtle ways when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy to rationalize is called
(31) Research on stereotype threat implies that females at an all-girls school may _____ in mathematics than females at a mixed-sex school.
(38) Bridgette thinks short people are lazy, and Barbara refuses to let short people join her book club.Bridgette is exhibiting _____, whereas Barbara is exhibiting _____.
(29) Some border-town residents dislike illegal immigrants because they fear that the immigrants will take jobs away from them.These feelings can best be explained by
(30) All of the following result from social categorization except
(43) Imagine a person high in implicit prejudice having to interact with a person of a different race in a laboratory setting over several meetings.Research by Page-Gould and others (2008)suggests that for this individual, cortisol levels will
(40) Hightower is a new recruit in the police academy, and is about to begin his very first day of training with a computer simulation task in which Caucasian and African-American men are portrayed holding ambiguous, weapon-like objects.Research on race and the perceptions of police officers would predict that Hightower
(35) Groups to which the self belongs are called _____, and groups to which the self does not belong are called _____.
(21) All of the following are mechanisms that perpetuate stereotypes except
(36) In their study of sexism in 19 different countries, Glick et al.(2000)found that countries with the greatest degree of political and economic inequality exhibited
(40) Hugenberg and Corneille (2009)exposed Caucasian participants to the faces of unfamiliar people.They found that compared to faces of outgroup members, faces of ingroup members were processed more
(33) Arnold is not a cheerleader and doesn't know any cheerleaders personally, but when he sees them at the football games, they are always smiling.Arnold is likely to
(34) Negative feelings directed at women's abilities, values, and ability to challenge the power of men are referred to as
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