Exam 5: Measurement

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Suppose that on the SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test), some test-takers do better than others because they make more lucky than unlucky guesses on questions that they cannot solve. This constitutes __________ measurement error, which lowers the SAT's __________.

(Multiple Choice)
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If you measured age by calculating the difference between the year a respondent was interviewed and the year the respondent was born, then your level of measurement would be __________; if you measured age by placing people in one of four categories (18 and under, 19-39, 40-59, 60 and over), then your level of measurement would be __________.

(Multiple Choice)
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A measure of attendance at religious services asks respondents to place themselves in one of the following categories: every week, two to three times a month, once a month, less than once a month. Which level of measurement is this?

(Multiple Choice)
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A comprehensive exam purported to cover an entire semester's work covers only material from the first eight weeks of the course. As a measure of how much students learned overall, this exam lacks

(Multiple Choice)
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Research indicates that in recent years respondents' answers to survey questions measuring racial prejudice underestimate actual racial prejudice. This underestimate is an example of __________ measurement error, which affects measurement __________.

(Multiple Choice)
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Which level of measurement has an absolute or "true" zero point?

(Multiple Choice)
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A near-perfect correlation between level of education and scores on a mental health scale suggests that the scale lacks discriminant validity.

(True/False)
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Survey estimates of church attendance based on self-reports are very stable, as respondents tend to give consistent answers. Observations of church attendance indicate, however, that it is about one-half the level reported in surveys. This suggests that, as a measure of church attendance, self-reported attendance is

(Multiple Choice)
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Briefly explain how the process of measurement moves from the abstract to the concrete.

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Interval-level measures have an arbitrary zero point.

(True/False)
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Which of the following factors would not be a source of measurement error for scores on this exam?

(Multiple Choice)
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Measurement level is determined by the number of empirical indicators used to operationalize a concept.

(True/False)
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The GSS measure of television viewing asks, "On the average day, about how many hours do you personally watch television?" Which level of measurement is this?

(Multiple Choice)
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Measures that are subject to very little random error but a major source of systematic error

(Multiple Choice)
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Which of the following questions most clearly concerns validity and not reliability?

(Multiple Choice)
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For various reasons, which form of reliability assessment is least likely to be used?

(Multiple Choice)
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Construct validation depends on an accumulation of research evidence rather than a single prediction.

(True/False)
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Test-retest, split-half, and internal consistency are forms of

(Multiple Choice)
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Two observers rate individual leadership by recording the number of times that each member of a group initiates discussion. The level of agreement between the observers' independent records provides evidence of

(Multiple Choice)
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Which of the following is an empirical indicator of alienation?

(Multiple Choice)
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