Exam 16: Multivariate Analysis

Consider the following path diagram representing a model of occupational prestige with path coefficients (standardized Beta slopes) estimated from the 2016 General Social Survey. Significance level: *** = p < .001. -What is the indirect effect (path) of father's education on respondent's occupational prestige?

Table 1 -The outcome illustrated in Table 1 is known as

To determine which independent variable has the greatest impact in a multiple regression, researchers use unstandardized regression coefficients.

The predicted direction of the relationship between X and Y is determined by multiplying the signs (+ or −) of all the intervening links between X and Y.

Using the 2016 GSS, we regressed the number of hours of television watched on the average day on three variables: years of education, age, and marital status. Marital status is a dummy variable with 1 = married. We get the following results for the standardized regression coefficients: TVhours = - .20Educ + .07Age - .07Married. According to this equation,

"Collinearity" refers to a perfect association between variables.

A specification outcome in elaboration analysis means that there is an interaction effect.

Someone at your college conducts a survey on helping and voluntarism. Suppose you are consulted about how to analyze the data to test the hypothesis that students majoring in the arts are more likely to do volunteer work than students majoring in the sciences. (a) What questions would you ask about the data before you make your recommendations? (b) As you might point out, why is a bivariate analysis seldom, if ever, sufficient to test a hypothesis that one variable causes another? (c) As you might explain, how is multiple regression superior to elaboration?

When Becket Broh regressed twelfth-grade math grades on sports participation and developmental variables such as locus of control and homework, the relationship between sports participation and grades __________, thus supporting the developmental model.

Consider the following path diagram representing a model of occupational prestige with path coefficients (standardized Beta slopes) estimated from the 2016 General Social Survey. Significance level: *** = p < .001. -What is the direct effect of mother's education on respondent's educational attainment?

Explain the differences between the ideal elaboration outcomes of explanation, interpretation, specification, and replication.

In elaboration analysis, two variables are spuriously related if the original bivariate relationship __________ when an extraneous __________ variable is controlled.

The stochastic component of a statistical model may correspond to all but which one of the following sources of variation?

Using the 2016 GSS, we regressed the number of hours of television watched on the average day on three variables: years of education, age, and marital status. Marital status is a dummy variable with 1 = married. We get the following results for the unstandardized regression coefficients: TVhours = 4.63 - .15Educ + .01Age - .34Married. According to this equation,

Statistical control in nonexperimental research is analogous to the manipulation of the independent variable in experiments.

Which variable(s) is (are) controlled, or held constant, in each partial table of Table 1? Table 1. Percentage of Respondents Expressing High Tolerance of Civil Liberties for Political Dissidents, by Gender and Religiosity

Draw an arrow diagram representing a causal ordering and likely direction of relationship (positive or negative) among the following set of variables: respondent's newspaper readership (frequency), educational attainment, and age.

In nonexperimental research, inferences about direction of influence usually are based on statistical analysis.

According to the theoretical model:

Variables X and Y are positively related for males and negatively related for females. This is an example of