Question 1

Nonparticipant observation often moves from unstructured to structured.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following is true of the roles played by the researchers in the Austin Homeless Study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anderson and Snow conducted independent field observations in order to check the reliability of their observations. 
B)  While in the field, Snow performed the role of seasoned veteran while Anderson acted as a newcomer to the area. 
C)  Anderson adopted the role of "buddy-researcher" by blending the roles of researcher and friend. 
D)  Anderson assumed the role of complete participant by living among the homeless for a period of six months. 
A)  Anderson and Snow conducted independent field observations in order to check the reliability of their observations. 
B)  While in the field, Snow performed the role of seasoned veteran while Anderson acted as a newcomer to the area. 
C)  Anderson adopted the role of "buddy-researcher" by blending the roles of researcher and friend. 
D)  Anderson assumed the role of complete participant by living among the homeless for a period of six months.

Question 3

The best approach to gathering information in the field is

Accepted Answer

A)  videotaping. 
B)  audiotaping. 
C)  making quick field jottings. 
D)  taking detailed notes on the spot. 
A)  videotaping. 
B)  audiotaping. 
C)  making quick field jottings. 
D)  taking detailed notes on the spot.

Question 4

In which one of the following settings is a field researcher most likely to have to negotiate with one or more gatekeepers to gain access?

Accepted Answer

A)  public restroom 
B)  subway train 
C)  laundromat 
D)  lobby of a country club 
A)  public restroom 
B)  subway train 
C)  laundromat 
D)  lobby of a country club

Question 5

Which membership role in participant-observer studies is most likely to create a conflict between the observer and participant roles?

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral membership 
B)  inactive membership 
C)  active membership 
D)  complete membership 
A)  peripheral membership 
B)  inactive membership 
C)  active membership 
D)  complete membership

Question 6

When are field notes recorded in field research?

Accepted Answer

A)  immediately during the course of observation 
B)  as soon after leaving the field as possible, typically at the end of the day 
C)  after the researcher has had time to reflect, typically at the end of each week 
A)  immediately during the course of observation 
B)  as soon after leaving the field as possible, typically at the end of the day 
C)  after the researcher has had time to reflect, typically at the end of each week

Question 7

It is always better for field researchers to present themselves as in command and knowledgeable rather than incompetent and naïve.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

One way to increase the reliability of field research is to conduct team research with two or more investigators.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Data analysis in field research seldom goes beyond a detailed, concrete description of the research setting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

How did Snow and Anderson organize their data in the homeless study?

Accepted Answer

A)  by creating a diary-like chronology of events 
B)  by applying pre-established codes for analyzing the homeless 
C)  in terms of three major coding categories: settings, domains, and homeless individuals 
D)  in terms of the daily activities associated with finding food and shelter 
A)  by creating a diary-like chronology of events 
B)  by applying pre-established codes for analyzing the homeless 
C)  in terms of three major coding categories: settings, domains, and homeless individuals 
D)  in terms of the daily activities associated with finding food and shelter

Question 11

After selecting a setting and gaining access to it, the next step for field researchers is to

Accepted Answer

A)  decide what or whom to observe. 
B)  begin to make a record of observations. 
C)  formulate the guiding research question. 
D)  decide how to relate to those in the observational setting. 
A)  decide what or whom to observe. 
B)  begin to make a record of observations. 
C)  formulate the guiding research question. 
D)  decide how to relate to those in the observational setting.

Question 12

Ideally, field notes should do all but which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  exclude what is clearly trivial and mundane 
B)  provide an extensive, detailed record of events 
C)  present concrete, behavioral details 
D)  separate factual observations from personal feelings and interpretations 
A)  exclude what is clearly trivial and mundane 
B)  provide an extensive, detailed record of events 
C)  present concrete, behavioral details 
D)  separate factual observations from personal feelings and interpretations

Question 13

Because of access issues, field research is generally limited to public settings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

It is always better to select a field setting that is strange or new than one that is familiar.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following is the least important consideration in selecting a group or setting for field research?

Accepted Answer

A)  It should speak to the researcher's theoretical or substantive interests. 
B)  It should be easily accessible. 
C)  It should allow for the ready development of rapport. 
D)  It should provide clear observation or easy participation. 
E)  The researcher should have no prior connection or experience with those in the setting. 
A)  It should speak to the researcher's theoretical or substantive interests. 
B)  It should be easily accessible. 
C)  It should allow for the ready development of rapport. 
D)  It should provide clear observation or easy participation. 
E)  The researcher should have no prior connection or experience with those in the setting.

Question 16

A primary goal of participant observation is to

Accepted Answer

A)  understand reality from an insider's point of view. 
B)  gain access to secret or private information withheld from outsiders. 
C)  make it easier to obtain all kinds of information. 
D)  develop deeper, more intimate relationships with the people being studied. 
A)  understand reality from an insider's point of view. 
B)  gain access to secret or private information withheld from outsiders. 
C)  make it easier to obtain all kinds of information. 
D)  develop deeper, more intimate relationships with the people being studied.

Question 17

Theoretical sampling refers to theory-based probability sampling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Unstructured observation is to structured observation as __________ is (are) to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the early stages of field research; the later stages 
B)  unobtrusive; obtrusive 
C)  nonparticipant; participant 
D)  informant reports; direct observation 
A)  the early stages of field research; the later stages 
B)  unobtrusive; obtrusive 
C)  nonparticipant; participant 
D)  informant reports; direct observation

Question 19

Key informants refer to gatekeepers who allow access (i.e., unlock gates) to the observational setting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Brief written recordings of observations made while researchers are in the field are called

Accepted Answer

A)  data entries. 
B)  field jottings. 
C)  field notes. 
D)  field memos. 
A)  data entries. 
B)  field jottings. 
C)  field notes. 
D)  field memos.

Nonparticipant observation often moves from unstructured to structured.

Which of the following is true of the roles played by the researchers in the Austin Homeless Study?

The best approach to gathering information in the field is

In which one of the following settings is a field researcher most likely to have to negotiate with one or more gatekeepers to gain access?

Which membership role in participant-observer studies is most likely to create a conflict between the observer and participant roles?

When are field notes recorded in field research?

It is always better for field researchers to present themselves as in command and knowledgeable rather than incompetent and naïve.

One way to increase the reliability of field research is to conduct team research with two or more investigators.

Data analysis in field research seldom goes beyond a detailed, concrete description of the research setting.

How did Snow and Anderson organize their data in the homeless study?

After selecting a setting and gaining access to it, the next step for field researchers is to

Ideally, field notes should do all but which one of the following?

Because of access issues, field research is generally limited to public settings.

It is always better to select a field setting that is strange or new than one that is familiar.

Which of the following is the least important consideration in selecting a group or setting for field research?

A primary goal of participant observation is to

Theoretical sampling refers to theory-based probability sampling.

Unstructured observation is to structured observation as is (are) to .

Key informants refer to gatekeepers who allow access (i.e., unlock gates) to the observational setting.

Brief written recordings of observations made while researchers are in the field are called

Introduction

The Nature of Science

Research Ethics

Elements of Research Design

Measurement

Sampling

Experimentation

Experimental Designs

Survey Research

Survey Instrumentation

Research Using Available Data

Multiple Methods

Data Processing and Elementary Data Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

Writing Research Reports

Filters

Exam 11: Field Research

Nonparticipant observation often moves from unstructured to structured.

Which of the following is true of the roles played by the researchers in the Austin Homeless Study?

The best approach to gathering information in the field is

In which one of the following settings is a field researcher most likely to have to negotiate with one or more gatekeepers to gain access?

Which membership role in participant-observer studies is most likely to create a conflict between the observer and participant roles?

When are field notes recorded in field research?

It is always better for field researchers to present themselves as in command and knowledgeable rather than incompetent and naïve.

One way to increase the reliability of field research is to conduct team research with two or more investigators.

Data analysis in field research seldom goes beyond a detailed, concrete description of the research setting.

How did Snow and Anderson organize their data in the homeless study?

After selecting a setting and gaining access to it, the next step for field researchers is to

Ideally, field notes should do all but which one of the following?

Because of access issues, field research is generally limited to public settings.

It is always better to select a field setting that is strange or new than one that is familiar.

Which of the following is the least important consideration in selecting a group or setting for field research?

A primary goal of participant observation is to

Theoretical sampling refers to theory-based probability sampling.

Unstructured observation is to structured observation as __________ is (are) to __________.

Key informants refer to gatekeepers who allow access (i.e., unlock gates) to the observational setting.

Brief written recordings of observations made while researchers are in the field are called

Introduction

The Nature of Science

Research Ethics

Elements of Research Design

Measurement

Sampling

Experimentation

Experimental Designs

Survey Research

Survey Instrumentation

Research Using Available Data

Multiple Methods

Data Processing and Elementary Data Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

Writing Research Reports

Filters

Unstructured observation is to structured observation as is (are) to .