Exam 2: The Process and Problems of Research of Criminological Research

Indicate which of the following examples does NOT represent inductive reasoning.

One concern about inductive research is that it may not be generalizable.

Crime is lower in those communities where the police patrol on foot is an example of a ______.

A research assistant found that as an individual's self-control increased, their criminal activity decreased. This is an example of what type of relationship between self-control and criminal activity?

Explain the concept of authenticity. What type of research is associated with authenticity? Provide an example of a way a researcher could pay attention to authenticity.

Sometimes the research circle is better described as a research spiral. Explain why this is the case. Explain this using the terms of inductive research, deductive research, and hypothesis.

A research question is a question about some aspect of crime, criminals, or the criminal justice system, the answer to which is sought through collection and analysis of the firsthand, verifiable, empirical data.

A graduate student utilized differential association theory in her research and examined an independent variable of personal beliefs favorable to committing crime on the dependent variable of self-reported crime. She found that this was not the case for all individual's that self-reported crime and she chose to refine her hypotheses and develop a new study. Describe what type of research she could engage in to use her data to develop new theoretical constructs. Then explain how this is representative of the research circle.

Starting with a specific idea and moving to a more general one is an example of ______ reasoning.

List and describe the three ways researcher's should evaluate their research questions.

Define theory and theoretical constructs. Then describe the relationship between them. Provide one example of a theory and one of its theoretical constructs provided in the textbook.

A variable can change, but a constant remains the same.

The research circle is really a spiral.

According to your text, research circle comprises of three main research strategies. Which of the following is NOT one of these strategies?

Sometimes political pollsters may study a sample of likely voters and then generalize their findings to the entire population of likely voters. This is an example of ______ generalizability that social scientists try to avoid.

Dr. Smith's newly developed theory on criminal behavior cannot be tested. His research is in violation of which of the following requirements of theory?

Which of the following is NOT an example of a hypothesis?

Define inductive and deductive reasoning. Then, indicate the type of reasoning is typically associated with quantitative and qualitative methods.

A researcher wanted to examine whether or not an individual's self-reports of violence was influenced by the number of friends they reported that were violent. Indicate the dependent and independent variables. Then provide a hypothesis on the relationship between these two variables.

A research assistant wanted to see whether or not poverty predicted crime rates. In this example, what term represents crime rates?