Exam 6: Learning

According to Thorndike's law of effect, the frequency of an action is ________.

Lauryn has an irrational fear of flying. Use classical conditioning theory to explain how she learned this fear. Provide a definition of each of the terms used in this theory, and indicate each term in Lauryn's conditioning.

Imagine that you want to teach your dog to "shake hands" with visitors. Design a program based on shaping to accomplish your goal.

Suppose you taught coyotes to avoid sheep by pairing a nausea-inducing drug with freshly killed sheep eaten by the coyotes. If you were able to save your flock of sheep using this method, you would probably want to give credit to the researchers who studied taste aversion, ________.

If wartime propaganda depicts the enemy as ugly, cruel, and somewhat less than human, then this type of propaganda would create ________.

One of the major differences between classical conditioning and operant conditioning is that operant conditioning is ________.

Marta, a first-year student at a large university, just arrived on campus. She was pretty sure she knew how to get around the campus, since she had a gone on a tour the previous spring, but, much to her embarrassment, got thoroughly lost several times on her first day, and was late for two classes. For the rest of the week, she carried a map with her, and soon found that she was able to find her way around campus without the map. What characteristic of learning does this demonstrate most clearly?

Explain the importance of schedules of reinforcement in the effective use of reinforcement and punishment. Provide an example of each to illustrate your explanation. Which schedule is most effective, and why?

A couple broke up several years ago and, after time, no longer had any romantic feelings toward one another. However, last week the couple ran into each other at a concert and the romantic feelings started to reappear. This is an example of ________.

In his Law of ________, Thorndike posited that behaviors that are followed by pleasant outcomes would be repeated, while those that were followed by unpleasant outcomes would not be repeated.

When you add or remove a stimulus after a behavior and the result is an increase in that behavior, you have used ________.

Which of the following situations is the BEST example of prejudice being operantly conditioned?

Which reinforcement schedules produce the lowest levels of responding?

A child is given time-out away from toys and videos because she had a temper tantrum. This demonstrates ________.

The fact that drivers slow down when they see a police car and then speed up again after it has passed is an example of ________.

Since biofeedback reinforces desired physiological changes that have beneficial results, the tone that indicates the desired physiological changes have occurred serves as a(n) ________.

When you learn something by watching others, you have experienced ________.

When you add or remove a stimulus after a behavior and the result is a decrease in that behavior, you have used ________.

Which type of learning involves coming to understand that two events occur or happen together?

Contrast classical and operant conditioning with regard to consequences, types of responses, and order of behaviors, illustrating your answer with an example of why someone in each learning condition would stop flying in airplanes.