Exam 12: Examining Attraction and Close Relationships

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Reciprocity is a social psychology principle that refers to the mutual exchange of privileges, services, or interactions between individuals or groups. In the context of attraction and liking, reciprocity can play a significant role in the development and maintenance of relationships.

When it comes to attraction and liking, reciprocity operates on the idea that people are more likely to feel attracted to and like those who express attraction and liking towards them. This is often referred to as reciprocal liking. The concept suggests that when someone perceives that another person likes them, they are more inclined to reciprocate those feelings, leading to a positive feedback loop that can strengthen the bond between the individuals.

Reciprocity in attraction can manifest in various ways:

1. **Positive Reinforcement**: When a person responds positively to another's advances or expressions of interest, it can encourage further interaction and deepen the connection. This positive reinforcement makes both parties feel good about the relationship, increasing the likelihood of continued attraction and liking.

2. **Self-Esteem and Validation**: Knowing that someone is attracted to you can boost self-esteem and provide a sense of validation. This can make the person who is liked feel more positively towards the person who expressed liking, as it satisfies a basic human need for acceptance and belonging.

3. **Similarity and Shared Interests**: Reciprocity can also be related to the similarity-attraction effect, where people are drawn to others who are like them. When two individuals discover they share common interests, values, or experiences, reciprocal feelings of liking can emerge, as they validate each other's perspectives and identities.

4. **Equity Theory**: This theory posits that people are happiest in relationships where there is a balance of give and take. When reciprocity is present, both parties feel that their needs are being met and that they are contributing equally to the relationship, which can enhance attraction and liking.

5. **Norm of Reciprocity**: Social norms dictate that when someone does something nice for us, we should return the favor. This norm can influence attraction and liking by creating a sense of obligation to reciprocate positive feelings or actions, which can then lead to genuine feelings of affection.

However, it's important to note that reciprocity is not always straightforward. Some individuals may not reciprocate feelings of attraction due to various reasons, such as existing commitments, lack of interest, or personal issues. Additionally, the expectation of reciprocity can sometimes lead to negative consequences if one person feels pressured to reciprocate feelings they do not genuinely have.

In summary, reciprocity is a foundational element in the dynamics of attraction and liking. It suggests that mutual exchange and positive reinforcement of feelings can lead to stronger connections and relationships. Understanding the role of reciprocity can help individuals navigate their social interactions and relationships more effectively.