Question 1

When the goal of social comparison is self-improvement we are most likely to engage in:

Accepted Answer

A)  upward comparison 
B)  downward comparison 
C)  self-monitoring 
D)  self-enhancement 
E)  introspection 
A)  upward comparison 
B)  downward comparison 
C)  self-monitoring 
D)  self-enhancement 
E)  introspection A

Question 2

According to the text, which of the following is/are advantage(s) in using the photobiographic approach rather than self-report measures of self-concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  participants show how they see themselves 
B)  participants show what characteristics are important in their self-perception 
C)  photographs are less biased than verbal reports 
D)  all of the above 
E)  a and b 
A)  participants show how they see themselves 
B)  participants show what characteristics are important in their self-perception 
C)  photographs are less biased than verbal reports 
D)  all of the above 
E)  a and b E

Question 3

In their experiment on self-enhancement and self-verification, Deutsch and Solomon (1959) found that participants who had received failure feedback responded:

Accepted Answer

A)  negatively to a teammate's note giving a negative evaluation 
B)  negatively to a teammate's note giving a positive evaluation 
C)  somewhat favourably to a positive note from a teammate 
D)  as favourably to a negative note as to a positive one 
E)  c and d 
A)  negatively to a teammate's note giving a negative evaluation 
B)  negatively to a teammate's note giving a positive evaluation 
C)  somewhat favourably to a positive note from a teammate 
D)  as favourably to a negative note as to a positive one 
E)  c and d E

Question 4

You might interpret a mark of 75% as an achievement to celebrate or a mediocre outcome. This would depend on:

Accepted Answer

A)  your self-concept 
B)  your self-schema 
C)  whether you are schematic or aschematic on academic achievement 
D)  your self-presentation 
E)  your professor 
A)  your self-concept 
B)  your self-schema 
C)  whether you are schematic or aschematic on academic achievement 
D)  your self-presentation 
E)  your professor

Question 5

The important notion inherent in the concept of psychological androgyny is:

Accepted Answer

A)  flexibility enabling situation appropriate behaviours 
B)  lack of understanding of typical male and female behaviours 
C)  dissatisfaction with one's gender identity 
D)  a strong sense of agency 
E)  b and c 
A)  flexibility enabling situation appropriate behaviours 
B)  lack of understanding of typical male and female behaviours 
C)  dissatisfaction with one's gender identity 
D)  a strong sense of agency 
E)  b and c

Question 6

Jason's parents bought him a used car for graduation. He was thrilled with his car until he heard that his girlfriend's parents bought her a new car. His decrease in happiness best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  introspection 
B)  downward comparison 
C)  self-reference effect 
D)  self-handicapping 
E)  relative deprivation 
A)  introspection 
B)  downward comparison 
C)  self-reference effect 
D)  self-handicapping 
E)  relative deprivation

Question 7

Studies of self-handicapping indicate that:

Accepted Answer

A)  men often use claims of physical illness 
B)  men tend to self-handicap more than women 
C)  women often use alcohol for self-handicapping 
D)  women tend to self-handicap more than men 
E)  women use drugs for self-handicapping 
A)  men often use claims of physical illness 
B)  men tend to self-handicap more than women 
C)  women often use alcohol for self-handicapping 
D)  women tend to self-handicap more than men 
E)  women use drugs for self-handicapping

Question 8

Levy (1996) found that older people who were cued with positive rather than negative stereotypes of aging:

Accepted Answer

A)  responded more quickly to adjectives about sad events than happy events 
B)  performed better on tests of memory 
C)  responded more quickly to adjectives about happy events than sad events 
D)  had higher self-esteem 
E)  subsequently expressed more positive attitudes about aging 
A)  responded more quickly to adjectives about sad events than happy events 
B)  performed better on tests of memory 
C)  responded more quickly to adjectives about happy events than sad events 
D)  had higher self-esteem 
E)  subsequently expressed more positive attitudes about aging

Question 9

Perfectionism reflects discrepancy between:

Accepted Answer

A)  self and others 
B)  self and unrealistic ideal self 
C)  self and unrealistic ought self 
D)  self and self- presentation 
E)  guilt and anxiety 
A)  self and others 
B)  self and unrealistic ideal self 
C)  self and unrealistic ought self 
D)  self and self- presentation 
E)  guilt and anxiety

Question 10

Research in self-discrepancy has demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-discrepancy is caused by excessively high self-evaluations 
B)  self-discrepancy has little if any effect on self-esteem 
C)  caused by unrealistically low self-guides 
D)  self-discrepancies tend to be relatively stable over time 
E)  self-discrepancy is related to self-esteem in young children only 
A)  self-discrepancy is caused by excessively high self-evaluations 
B)  self-discrepancy has little if any effect on self-esteem 
C)  caused by unrealistically low self-guides 
D)  self-discrepancies tend to be relatively stable over time 
E)  self-discrepancy is related to self-esteem in young children only

Question 11

Markus (1977) found that individuals who were schematic as opposed to aschematic for independence-dependence:

Accepted Answer

A)  made decisions more quickly about words related to that dimension than about irrelevant words 
B)  made decisions more quickly about irrelevant words than about words related to the independence-dependence dimension 
C)  did not produce as many relevant adjectives as irrelevant ones 
D)  were more susceptible to influence by negative stereotypes 
E)  none of the above 
A)  made decisions more quickly about words related to that dimension than about irrelevant words 
B)  made decisions more quickly about irrelevant words than about words related to the independence-dependence dimension 
C)  did not produce as many relevant adjectives as irrelevant ones 
D)  were more susceptible to influence by negative stereotypes 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

Jaime is aschematic with respect to gender. Ted and Jennifer are both schematic with respect to gender. Who is likely to respond more quickly to 'nurturing', and will the response be 'me' or 'not me'?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ted, me 
B)  Jennifer, me 
C)  Jaime, not me 
D)  Jennifer, not me 
E)  Jaime, me 
A)  Ted, me 
B)  Jennifer, me 
C)  Jaime, not me 
D)  Jennifer, not me 
E)  Jaime, me

Question 13

The notion that we form impressions of ourselves in the same way that we form impressions of the characteristics of others is central to:

Accepted Answer

A)  attribution theory 
B)  self-perception theory 
C)  self-verification theory 
D)  impression-management 
E)  self-enhancement 
A)  attribution theory 
B)  self-perception theory 
C)  self-verification theory 
D)  impression-management 
E)  self-enhancement

Question 14

Markus and Nurius (1986) refer to extensions of the self-concept that include images of how we could be in the future as:

Accepted Answer

A)  ideal selves 
B)  possible selves 
C)  imagined selves 
D)  self-complexity 
E)  self-enhancement 
A)  ideal selves 
B)  possible selves 
C)  imagined selves 
D)  self-complexity 
E)  self-enhancement

Question 15

Self-handicapping is a strategy for protecting self-esteem by:

Accepted Answer

A)  creating an expectation of success 
B)  creating an opportunity for success 
C)  developing an excuse for failure 
D)  engaging only in tasks relative to one's level of expertise 
E)  refusing to cheat on a test when others do 
A)  creating an expectation of success 
B)  creating an opportunity for success 
C)  developing an excuse for failure 
D)  engaging only in tasks relative to one's level of expertise 
E)  refusing to cheat on a test when others do

Question 16

In contrast to individuals with high self-esteem, those with low self-esteem:

Accepted Answer

A)  have difficulty in receiving and understanding persuasive messages 
B)  have difficulty developing strategies for resisting persuasion 
C)  are unpredictable in their responses to persuasive messages 
D)  b and c 
E)  none of the above 
A)  have difficulty in receiving and understanding persuasive messages 
B)  have difficulty developing strategies for resisting persuasion 
C)  are unpredictable in their responses to persuasive messages 
D)  b and c 
E)  none of the above

Question 17

Mary is anxious about an upcoming exam, and considers good grades an important aspect of her identity. The night before the exam she may decide to party instead of study. This behaviour illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  high self-esteem 
B)  self-discrepancy 
C)  self-handicapping 
D)  social loafing 
E)  disinhibition 
A)  high self-esteem 
B)  self-discrepancy 
C)  self-handicapping 
D)  social loafing 
E)  disinhibition

Question 18

Self-discrepancy theory is based on the premise that:

Accepted Answer

A)  people are very poor at evaluating self-relevant information 
B)  people experience arousal when confronted with information that is discrepant with their self-images 
C)  bad moods cause people to misinterpret self-relevant information 
D)  gaps between real and possible selves cause cognitive dissonance 
E)  gaps between actual and possible selves can lead to emotional difficulty 
A)  people are very poor at evaluating self-relevant information 
B)  people experience arousal when confronted with information that is discrepant with their self-images 
C)  bad moods cause people to misinterpret self-relevant information 
D)  gaps between real and possible selves cause cognitive dissonance 
E)  gaps between actual and possible selves can lead to emotional difficulty

Question 19

Campbell and his colleagues (1996) found individual differences in self-concepts related to:

Accepted Answer

A)  clarity 
B)  complexity 
C)  consistency over time 
D)  all of the above 
E)  b and c 
A)  clarity 
B)  complexity 
C)  consistency over time 
D)  all of the above 
E)  b and c

Question 20

Which of the following is not a characteristic construct used by Westerners to define themselves?

Accepted Answer

A)  motives 
B)  abilities 
C)  personal values 
D)  interdependent relationships 
E)  personality variables 
A)  motives 
B)  abilities 
C)  personal values 
D)  interdependent relationships 
E)  personality variables

When the goal of social comparison is self-improvement we are most likely to engage in:

According to the text, which of the following is/are advantage(s) in using the photobiographic approach rather than self-report measures of self-concept?

In their experiment on self-enhancement and self-verification, Deutsch and Solomon (1959) found that participants who had received failure feedback responded:

You might interpret a mark of 75% as an achievement to celebrate or a mediocre outcome. This would depend on:

The important notion inherent in the concept of psychological androgyny is:

Jason's parents bought him a used car for graduation. He was thrilled with his car until he heard that his girlfriend's parents bought her a new car. His decrease in happiness best illustrates:

Studies of self-handicapping indicate that:

Levy (1996) found that older people who were cued with positive rather than negative stereotypes of aging:

Perfectionism reflects discrepancy between:

Research in self-discrepancy has demonstrated that:

Markus (1977) found that individuals who were schematic as opposed to aschematic for independence-dependence:

Jaime is aschematic with respect to gender. Ted and Jennifer are both schematic with respect to gender. Who is likely to respond more quickly to 'nurturing', and will the response be 'me' or 'not me'?

The notion that we form impressions of ourselves in the same way that we form impressions of the characteristics of others is central to:

Markus and Nurius (1986) refer to extensions of the self-concept that include images of how we could be in the future as:

Self-handicapping is a strategy for protecting self-esteem by:

In contrast to individuals with high self-esteem, those with low self-esteem:

Mary is anxious about an upcoming exam, and considers good grades an important aspect of her identity. The night before the exam she may decide to party instead of study. This behaviour illustrates:

Self-discrepancy theory is based on the premise that:

Campbell and his colleagues (1996) found individual differences in self-concepts related to:

Which of the following is not a characteristic construct used by Westerners to define themselves?

Studying Social Behaviour

Social Perception and Cognition

Attitudes, Ideologies and Values

Attitude Change

Social Influence

Language and Communication

Interpersonal Attraction and Close Relationships

Prosocial Behaviour

Cooperation and Conflict

Aggression

Social Identity, Groups and Leadership

Prejudice

Crowds and Collective Behaviour

Applied Social Psychology

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Exam 3: The Social Self

When the goal of social comparison is self-improvement we are most likely to engage in:

According to the text, which of the following is/are advantage(s) in using the photobiographic approach rather than self-report measures of self-concept?

In their experiment on self-enhancement and self-verification, Deutsch and Solomon (1959) found that participants who had received failure feedback responded:

You might interpret a mark of 75% as an achievement to celebrate or a mediocre outcome. This would depend on:

The important notion inherent in the concept of psychological androgyny is:

Jason's parents bought him a used car for graduation. He was thrilled with his car until he heard that his girlfriend's parents bought her a new car. His decrease in happiness best illustrates:

Studies of self-handicapping indicate that:

Levy (1996) found that older people who were cued with positive rather than negative stereotypes of aging:

Perfectionism reflects discrepancy between:

Research in self-discrepancy has demonstrated that:

Markus (1977) found that individuals who were schematic as opposed to aschematic for independence-dependence:

Jaime is aschematic with respect to gender. Ted and Jennifer are both schematic with respect to gender. Who is likely to respond more quickly to 'nurturing', and will the response be 'me' or 'not me'?

The notion that we form impressions of ourselves in the same way that we form impressions of the characteristics of others is central to:

Markus and Nurius (1986) refer to extensions of the self-concept that include images of how we could be in the future as:

Self-handicapping is a strategy for protecting self-esteem by:

In contrast to individuals with high self-esteem, those with low self-esteem:

Mary is anxious about an upcoming exam, and considers good grades an important aspect of her identity. The night before the exam she may decide to party instead of study. This behaviour illustrates:

Self-discrepancy theory is based on the premise that:

Campbell and his colleagues (1996) found individual differences in self-concepts related to:

Which of the following is not a characteristic construct used by Westerners to define themselves?

Studying Social Behaviour

Social Perception and Cognition

Attitudes, Ideologies and Values

Attitude Change

Social Influence

Language and Communication

Interpersonal Attraction and Close Relationships

Prosocial Behaviour

Cooperation and Conflict

Aggression

Social Identity, Groups and Leadership

Prejudice

Crowds and Collective Behaviour

Applied Social Psychology

Filters