Exam 13: Ethics and Criminal Justice Research

According to the ________________, basic guiding principles for human subjects-involved research include respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.

This type of risk is embedded in the larger setting, say, the inner city of Detroit or a conflict zone in the Middle East:

This action, designed to prevent research misconduct, involves storing data and the computer programs used to analyze them in an organized fashion on a secured server that other researchers are allowed to access:

Harm is an event (e.g., drunken driving) that leads to a state (e.g., being in a coma).

Statistical confidentiality occurs when a researcher, after agreeing to hand over information about human subjects involved in his or her research project to third parties, uses computer software to black out sensitive information about the subjects.

Adopting reproducible research tools is one way to prevent harm to human subjects involved in social scientific research.

________________ is a document presented to a prospective subject that contains a written summary of the research project, including the protocols being used and a description of possible risks and benefits of participating.

________________ is accomplished by ensuring that the amount of information available about any particular individual never exceeds a sliding threshold that is adjusted upward as the sensitivity of the information increases.

For at least 50 years, various codes of ethics guiding human subjects-involved research have devoted one or more sections to ethical issues in researcher safety.

The Nuremberg Code, the Helsinki Declaration, and the Belmont Report each developed and presented a set of guiding principles and practices that focus on the protection of human subjects involved in research studies.

Conflicts of interest occur when a researcher's personal, financial, political, and academic interests coexist, and one interest is illegitimately favored over the others.

These are risks that are attributable to the very presence of the researcher:

This term describes a situation where the riskier is the study, the more good the study's results must show to be considered ethical:

This term describes both an event and a state:

Researchers will many times offer ______________, including money or other things of economic value, to prospective subjects to get them to participate in a human subjects-involved research project.

those found to have committed scientific misconduct may face a specified period of time (three years maximum) of exclusion from receiving federal funding, known as:

The ________________ significantly expanded the Nuremberg Code's principle of voluntarism by arguing that human subjects should give their consent only after being fully informed of a study's design, goals, funding sources, etc.

The _______________, during which subjects' syphilis was left untreated, is one of the grossest examples of unethical, human subjects-involve research to ever occur in the U.S.

Should the same guiding principles for protecting human subjects involved in research be extended to animals involved in research? Why or why not?

As prescribed by the Common Rule, an ________________ is a panel of experts who are responsible for approving human subjects-involved research.