Question 1

In a policy analysis, the premises are a series of reasons supporting the conclusion of effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of the policy being analyzed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

A(n) ____ is an arguable assertion.

Accepted Answer

A)  argument 
B)  claim 
C)  inference 
D)  evidence 
A)  argument 
B)  claim 
C)  inference 
D)  evidence B

Question 3

____ serves as proof of something-as justification for claims.

Accepted Answer

A)  claim 
B)  reason 
C)  argument 
D)  evidence 
A)  claim 
B)  reason 
C)  argument 
D)  evidence D

Question 4

Where ____ logic involves reasoning from general principles to a more specific conclusion, ____ logic involves reasoning from specific observations to a more general conclusion.

Accepted Answer

A)  deductive, inductive 
B)  inductive, deductive 
C)  micro, macro 
D)  macro, micro 
A)  deductive, inductive 
B)  inductive, deductive 
C)  micro, macro 
D)  macro, micro

Question 5

The conclusion in a presentence investigation report is the probation officer's assessment of guilty or not-guilty.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

____ is the reasoning process used to justify claims and reach conclusions.

Accepted Answer

A)  Introspection 
B)  Reflection 
C)  Logic 
D)  Creativity 
A)  Introspection 
B)  Reflection 
C)  Logic 
D)  Creativity

Question 7

____ refers to having the substantive knowledge and the technical skills necessary to do well that which needs to be done.

Accepted Answer

A)  intelligence 
B)  competence 
C)  integrity 
D)  experience 
A)  intelligence 
B)  competence 
C)  integrity 
D)  experience

Question 8

Which of the following is not a guideline for developing and facilitating logical criminal justice communications?

Accepted Answer

A)  Advance defensible claims. 
B)  Avoid logical fallacies. 
C)  Abandon logic when it is clear that the topic is emotional. 
D)  Be a habitual critical thinker. 
E)  Be informed. 
A)  Advance defensible claims. 
B)  Avoid logical fallacies. 
C)  Abandon logic when it is clear that the topic is emotional. 
D)  Be a habitual critical thinker. 
E)  Be informed.

Question 9

Which of the following accurately reflects the main sections and their order in a policy analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  introduction, policy context, policy description, policy evaluation, discussion 
B)  introduction, theory, research, methods, evaluation, discussion 
C)  introduction, policy description, policy evaluation, policy proposal, discussion 
D)  introduction, research, theory, methods, evaluation, discussion 
A)  introduction, policy context, policy description, policy evaluation, discussion 
B)  introduction, theory, research, methods, evaluation, discussion 
C)  introduction, policy description, policy evaluation, policy proposal, discussion 
D)  introduction, research, theory, methods, evaluation, discussion

Question 10

Arguing that something must be true (e.g., prisons reduce crime) because we've known or been doing it for a long time reflects which logical fallacy?

Accepted Answer

A)  appeal to tradition 
B)  argument from personal incredulity 
C)  circular reasoning 
D)  false cause 
A)  appeal to tradition 
B)  argument from personal incredulity 
C)  circular reasoning 
D)  false cause

Question 11

Criminal justice professionals should be objective, rational, and professional enough to maintain their way of thinking and acting when they encounter logic and evidence. They should not change their minds just because they learn something new.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

An unsound deductive argument is not strong, but it is not entirely worthless either.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Arguing that, because it makes no sense to you, the argument cannot be true.

Accepted Answer

A)  appeal to a lack of evidence 
B)  argument from personal incredulity 
C)  irrelevant conclusion 
D)  stacking the deck 
A)  appeal to a lack of evidence 
B)  argument from personal incredulity 
C)  irrelevant conclusion 
D)  stacking the deck

Question 14

"Tom and Rick got in a fight at the pool earlier in the day, so it had to have been Rick who killed Tom last night." Which logical fallacy best describes this faulty reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  appeal to force 
B)  false cause: post hoc ergo propter hoc 
C)  begging the question 
D)  appeal to a lack of evidence 
A)  appeal to force 
B)  false cause: post hoc ergo propter hoc 
C)  begging the question 
D)  appeal to a lack of evidence

Question 15

Which of the following is not one of the areas in which the probation officer should use evidence to make an assessment?

Accepted Answer

A)  the offense 
B)  the victim 
C)  the community 
D)  the defendant 
A)  the offense 
B)  the victim 
C)  the community 
D)  the defendant

Question 16

Inductive reasoning is strong when the evidence renders the conclusion certain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

When we reach conclusions based on evidence, we are using inductive logic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A weak presentence investigation report recommends a sentence that is not logically connected to the evidence and/or the probation officer's assessment of that evidence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following is not a best practice for developing compelling presentence investigation reports?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clearly distinguish between information that is factual, inferred, and alleged. 
B)  Distinguish between verified and unverified information. 
C)  Address discrepancies in information. 
D)  Objectively list the evidence; do not interpret it. 
A)  Clearly distinguish between information that is factual, inferred, and alleged. 
B)  Distinguish between verified and unverified information. 
C)  Address discrepancies in information. 
D)  Objectively list the evidence; do not interpret it.

Question 20

We can be 100% certain of the conclusion in a deductive argument, but we cannot be 100% certain of the conclusion in an inductive argument.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

In a policy analysis, the premises are a series of reasons supporting the conclusion of effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of the policy being analyzed.

A(n) ____ is an arguable assertion.

____ serves as proof of something-as justification for claims.

Where logic involves reasoning from general principles to a more specific conclusion, logic involves reasoning from specific observations to a more general conclusion.

The conclusion in a presentence investigation report is the probation officer's assessment of guilty or not-guilty.

____ is the reasoning process used to justify claims and reach conclusions.

____ refers to having the substantive knowledge and the technical skills necessary to do well that which needs to be done.

Which of the following is not a guideline for developing and facilitating logical criminal justice communications?

Which of the following accurately reflects the main sections and their order in a policy analysis?

Arguing that something must be true (e.g., prisons reduce crime) because we've known or been doing it for a long time reflects which logical fallacy?

Criminal justice professionals should be objective, rational, and professional enough to maintain their way of thinking and acting when they encounter logic and evidence. They should not change their minds just because they learn something new.

An unsound deductive argument is not strong, but it is not entirely worthless either.

Arguing that, because it makes no sense to you, the argument cannot be true.

"Tom and Rick got in a fight at the pool earlier in the day, so it had to have been Rick who killed Tom last night." Which logical fallacy best describes this faulty reasoning?

Which of the following is not one of the areas in which the probation officer should use evidence to make an assessment?

Inductive reasoning is strong when the evidence renders the conclusion certain.

When we reach conclusions based on evidence, we are using inductive logic.

A weak presentence investigation report recommends a sentence that is not logically connected to the evidence and/or the probation officer's assessment of that evidence.

Which of the following is not a best practice for developing compelling presentence investigation reports?

We can be 100% certain of the conclusion in a deductive argument, but we cannot be 100% certain of the conclusion in an inductive argument.

Introduction

Professionalism

Responsiveness

Organization

Evidence

Completeness

Correctness

Clarity

Conciseness

Presentation

Filters

Exam 5: Logic

In a policy analysis, the premises are a series of reasons supporting the conclusion of effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of the policy being analyzed.

A(n) ____ is an arguable assertion.

____ serves as proof of something-as justification for claims.

Where ____ logic involves reasoning from general principles to a more specific conclusion, ____ logic involves reasoning from specific observations to a more general conclusion.

The conclusion in a presentence investigation report is the probation officer's assessment of guilty or not-guilty.

____ is the reasoning process used to justify claims and reach conclusions.

____ refers to having the substantive knowledge and the technical skills necessary to do well that which needs to be done.

Which of the following is not a guideline for developing and facilitating logical criminal justice communications?

Which of the following accurately reflects the main sections and their order in a policy analysis?

Arguing that something must be true (e.g., prisons reduce crime) because we've known or been doing it for a long time reflects which logical fallacy?

Criminal justice professionals should be objective, rational, and professional enough to maintain their way of thinking and acting when they encounter logic and evidence. They should not change their minds just because they learn something new.

An unsound deductive argument is not strong, but it is not entirely worthless either.

Arguing that, because it makes no sense to you, the argument cannot be true.

"Tom and Rick got in a fight at the pool earlier in the day, so it had to have been Rick who killed Tom last night." Which logical fallacy best describes this faulty reasoning?

Which of the following is not one of the areas in which the probation officer should use evidence to make an assessment?

Inductive reasoning is strong when the evidence renders the conclusion certain.

When we reach conclusions based on evidence, we are using inductive logic.

A weak presentence investigation report recommends a sentence that is not logically connected to the evidence and/or the probation officer's assessment of that evidence.

Which of the following is not a best practice for developing compelling presentence investigation reports?

We can be 100% certain of the conclusion in a deductive argument, but we cannot be 100% certain of the conclusion in an inductive argument.

Introduction

Professionalism

Responsiveness

Organization

Evidence

Completeness

Correctness

Clarity

Conciseness

Presentation

Filters

Where logic involves reasoning from general principles to a more specific conclusion, logic involves reasoning from specific observations to a more general conclusion.