Exam 16: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

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Meiying was born in the United States, but her family emigrated from mainland China. Although she currently attends a very good school, there are few ethnically Chinese students. How will the lack of same ethnic peers likely influence Meiying's own identity development?

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Explain the connection between early parent-child attachment patterns and later attachment in adulthood.

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Adolescents and adults who as children experienced secure parenting were more likely to report having healthy secure relationships as adults. In contrast, children who were insecurely attached to their parents were more likely to report insecure romantic relationships as adults. Cassidy (2000) attributes this to a self-fulfilling prophecy-at some point in the relationship, individuals will find evidence of their expectations in their partners' behavior. Adults who anticipate a secure, trusting, and warm relationship will tend to only remember instances that confirm this view, whereas adults who anticipate untrustworthiness in their partner will be more likely to focus on instances in which they felt betrayed.

Explain how the concepts "hooking up" and "friends with benefits" reflects a changing perception of what is normal and acceptable in adolescent romantic relationships.

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A few generations ago, there were clearly defined parameters for what constituted being in a "romantic relationship" such as wearing a significant other's class ring or being in a monogamous relationship. However romantic relationships in adolescence today have much more blurred boundaries and definitions of what constitutes being in a relationship. The term "hooking up" is used to denote romantic relationships seen in adolescents in which the range of physical contact can include holding hands to kissing to sexual activity. Similarly, "friends with benefits" is a term oftentimes seen among college-aged adolescents to describe a comfortable friendship between two individuals that regularly involves sexual activity. In both cases, there are little to no demands for monogamy on either partner.

At 14 years of age, Lars never really gave a second thought to his future goals. Now at 19, Lars remains unsure of his future path and feels isolated from his peers who have developed a clear sense of purpose. According to Erik Erikson, Lars is likely struggling with feelings of

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Identify at least three reasons why identification of depression in teens may be difficult for medical professionals.

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Luthar's research examining the rates of substance use and mental health problems of anxiety and depression among adolescents living in affluent suburban neighborhoods to those in poor inner-city neighborhoods revealed

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Gina was born biologically female and has throughout her life consistently identified as female. Gina would likely be categorized as

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Brianna spends over 4 hours a day on social media sites. As a result, she is likely to

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Monica's parental heritage can be traced back to two distinctive cultural groups, but Monica has recently found herself rejecting the values and norms associated with one that she perceives as being steeped in a history of discrimination and prejudice. Monica is likely exhibiting what is known as

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Bae and Jing are having a conversation about what they want to do with their lives after college. Bae says, "I know what I'm going to be doing, I'll be working at my father's clinic-just like his father did before him." Which of Marcia's identity statuses would best describe Bae's current state?

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Hernandez has been feeling down lately but tries not to show it to his friends or family. Instead, he directs his feelings of anxiety and low self-esteem inwards. Hernandez is exhibiting

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Pietro loves to try out dangerous things-cliff diving, speeding in his new car down the highway, and bungee jumping with friends. Pietro would likely be described as

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Avery has a high degree of narcissism, whereas Katherine would be considered high in social anxiety. How would their social media profiles compare to each other?

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Nina is in the eleventh grade and has reached late adolescence. Which statement is likely true about her emotional valence?

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Which statement best reflects the association between poverty in neighborhoods and gender in predicting violent crime rates in adolescence?

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Ophelia hears her phone buzz next to her, interrupting her conversation with her friend. She turns off the notification and quickly completes a survey about her current mood and her activities. Ophelia is likely a participant a study utilizing _______ method.

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Bae and Jing are having a conversation about what they want to do with their lives after college. Jing responds to the question about her future by telling Bae "I am not sure yet. I would like to travel the world a bit and learn about other cultures, and maybe try a few different types of jobs before I make a decision." Which of Marcia's identity statuses would best describe Jing's current state?

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Explain how the adolescent-sibling relationship can provide a unique platform for predicting future adolescent romantic relationships.

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In what way(s) is the experience of coming out as a sexual minority different from adolescents who identity as heterosexual?

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Taylor identifies as transgender. This means that Taylor

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