Question 1

In many advanced countries, elementary school students learn multiplication table songs. Cognitive development researchers would consider such songs to be

Accepted Answer

A)  deep memory strategies. 
B)  hypothetical-deductive reasoning tools. 
C)  cultural tools. 
D)  cultural narratives. 
E)  cultural artifacts. 
A)  deep memory strategies. 
B)  hypothetical-deductive reasoning tools. 
C)  cultural tools. 
D)  cultural narratives. 
E)  cultural artifacts. C

Question 2

A researcher would say that an adolescent who is able to understand the emotions of others has developed a(n) _______ theory of mind.

Accepted Answer

A)  analytical 
B)  emotional 
C)  cognitive 
D)  social 
E)  affective 
A)  analytical 
B)  emotional 
C)  cognitive 
D)  social 
E)  affective E

Question 3

Studies have revealed consistent gender differences in verbal proficiency and mathematical proficiency over time and across countries. What is NOT suggested as a possible explanation for these differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Boys tend to spend more time playing video games, which may support development of spatial-attention skills. 
B)  Parents tend to spend more time reading to girls than boys, which may encourage girls' reading. 
C)  Girls tend to spend more time playing with toys that encourage social interaction and people skills. 
D)  Boys tend to spend less time reading and, thus, do not develop executive functioning abilities. 
E)  Cultural and gender biases influence the number of men and women entering certain fields. 
A)  Boys tend to spend more time playing video games, which may support development of spatial-attention skills. 
B)  Parents tend to spend more time reading to girls than boys, which may encourage girls' reading. 
C)  Girls tend to spend more time playing with toys that encourage social interaction and people skills. 
D)  Boys tend to spend less time reading and, thus, do not develop executive functioning abilities. 
E)  Cultural and gender biases influence the number of men and women entering certain fields. D

Question 4

Evergreen Highschool has seen a gradual increase in dropout rates over the past few years. According to research, what type of intervention program would be the most effective for reducing the dropout rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  An optional program that is open to all students seeking academic assistance 
B)  A program targeting at-risk students that seeks to improve study skills 
C)  A program aimed at improving the attendance rate of at-risk students 
D)  A mandatory afterschool program that provides additional academic instruction for at-risk students 
E)  A program targeting at-risk students that provides academic and emotional support while encouraging student engagement 
A)  An optional program that is open to all students seeking academic assistance 
B)  A program targeting at-risk students that seeks to improve study skills 
C)  A program aimed at improving the attendance rate of at-risk students 
D)  A mandatory afterschool program that provides additional academic instruction for at-risk students 
E)  A program targeting at-risk students that provides academic and emotional support while encouraging student engagement

Question 5

Fifteen-year-old Kamaru really likes history class, but he does not see himself studying history in the future and is not sure how knowing history will help him. Consequently, he is not willing to invest a lot of time to do well in his history class. How would a developmental psychologist explain Kamaru's calculation of task value?

Accepted Answer

A)  History has high interest value, attainment value, and utility value but is not worth the cost. 
B)  History has high attainment value and utility value but low interest value and, therefore, is not worth the cost. 
C)  History has high interest value and attainment value but low utility value and, therefore, is not worth the cost. 
D)  History has high interest value but low attainment value and utility value and, therefore, is not worth the cost. 
E)  History has high interest value, attainment value, and utility value and is worth the cost. 
A)  History has high interest value, attainment value, and utility value but is not worth the cost. 
B)  History has high attainment value and utility value but low interest value and, therefore, is not worth the cost. 
C)  History has high interest value and attainment value but low utility value and, therefore, is not worth the cost. 
D)  History has high interest value but low attainment value and utility value and, therefore, is not worth the cost. 
E)  History has high interest value, attainment value, and utility value and is worth the cost.

Question 6

Some skeptics argue that low academic performance in low-income neighborhoods is primarily attributable to individual and family factors. How would a proponent of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory counter this view?

Accepted Answer

Individuals are influenced by various el

Question 7

List and briefly explain five ways in which neighborhood context can affect adolescents' academic achievement.

Accepted Answer

Neighborhood context can influence the (

Question 8

When an experimenter asks Anisa, "What would happen if horses walked around on two legs?" she refuses to answer the question and adamantly states, "But, horses can't walk on two legs!" A Piagetian researcher seeing this would likely say that Anisa is

Accepted Answer

A)  capable of hypothetical-deductive reasoning. 
B)  not yet capable of imaginative play. 
C)  capable of abstract thinking. 
D)  not yet capable of suspended belief. 
E)  not yet capable of abstract thinking. 
A)  capable of hypothetical-deductive reasoning. 
B)  not yet capable of imaginative play. 
C)  capable of abstract thinking. 
D)  not yet capable of suspended belief. 
E)  not yet capable of abstract thinking.

Question 9

As an adolescent, Raheem did well in high school and, consequently, was engaged and motivated, as evidenced by his participation in various clubs and youth group activities. In college, Raheem was involved in student government. And now, as an adult, he participates in various community events and activities. This is an example of positive cascading effects of

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive development and academics. 
B)  neighborhood context. 
C)  socio-economic context. 
D)  community support. 
E)  peer and familial relationships. 
A)  cognitive development and academics. 
B)  neighborhood context. 
C)  socio-economic context. 
D)  community support. 
E)  peer and familial relationships.

Question 10

Twelve-year-old Rennie believes that effort and practice are the key to academic success. He is more interested in becoming good at new tasks than showing how "smart" he is. A developmental psychologist would say that Rennie has an

Accepted Answer

A)  entity view of intelligence and a performance goal orientation. 
B)  incremental view of intelligence and a performance goal orientation. 
C)  entity view of intelligence and a mastery goal orientation. 
D)  incremental view of intelligence and a challenge aversion orientation. 
E)  incremental view of intelligence and a mastery goal orientation. 
A)  entity view of intelligence and a performance goal orientation. 
B)  incremental view of intelligence and a performance goal orientation. 
C)  entity view of intelligence and a mastery goal orientation. 
D)  incremental view of intelligence and a challenge aversion orientation. 
E)  incremental view of intelligence and a mastery goal orientation.

Question 11

Some studies reveal that low-income students perform more poorly than middle- and high-income students on online tests. Provide a possible explanation for these results using the concept of "cultural tools."

Accepted Answer

In this instance, computers and internet

Question 12

Give an example of a deep memory strategy. Briefly explain why such strategies may be better for long-term memory than a shallow strategy.

Accepted Answer

One deep processing memory strategy is t

Question 13

Briefly explain a few structural reasons why teacher-student relationships might decline as students progress from elementary school to middle school and high school.

Accepted Answer

Whereas elementary students are typicall

Question 14

Aranya, a 13-year-old girl living in a remote village in Thailand who has not had much formal education tends to strongly rely on personal experience rather than abstract reasoning. A Piagetian researcher would say that she

Accepted Answer

A)  has achieved the formal operations stage. 
B)  has not yet achieved the concrete operational stage. 
C)  is capable of abstract thinking but not propositional thinking. 
D)  has not yet achieved the formal operations stage. 
E)  is incapable of logical thinking. 
A)  has achieved the formal operations stage. 
B)  has not yet achieved the concrete operational stage. 
C)  is capable of abstract thinking but not propositional thinking. 
D)  has not yet achieved the formal operations stage. 
E)  is incapable of logical thinking.

Question 15

Which is a way that academic writing differs from typical conversational language?

Accepted Answer

A)  Academic writing uses more complex vocabulary. 
B)  Academic writing covers topics that do not appear in everyday conversation. 
C)  Academic writing uses more complex sentence structures. 
D)  Academic writing is logically structured. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Academic writing uses more complex vocabulary. 
B)  Academic writing covers topics that do not appear in everyday conversation. 
C)  Academic writing uses more complex sentence structures. 
D)  Academic writing is logically structured. 
E)  All of the above

Question 16

Sixteen-year-old Janice is one of a few female students in her advanced physics class. She excels on assignments and in-class work but often underperforms on tests. Her teacher, who is male, frequently makes comments about how physics requires "mental toughness" and "fortitude." A developmental psychologist might suspect that Janice is experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  stereotype threat. 
B)  self doubt. 
C)  diminishing motivation. 
D)  discrimination. 
E)  inferiority complex. 
A)  stereotype threat. 
B)  self doubt. 
C)  diminishing motivation. 
D)  discrimination. 
E)  inferiority complex.

Question 17

According to Piagetian theory, which is not a characteristic of the formal operational stage as compared to the concrete operational stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abstract thinking 
B)  Consideration of multiple variables 
C)  Hypothetical thinking 
D)  Reality-based reasoning 
E)  Systematic problem solving 
A)  Abstract thinking 
B)  Consideration of multiple variables 
C)  Hypothetical thinking 
D)  Reality-based reasoning 
E)  Systematic problem solving

Question 18

Experiencing or witnessing discrimination in school often causes students to reduce engagement with school. Which has/have been found by research to be a protective or preventative factor against withdrawal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive cross-ethnic friendships 
B)  Having strong role models from same ethnic/racial group 
C)  Strong connection to own ethnic/racial group 
D)  Positive ethnic/racial identity 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Positive cross-ethnic friendships 
B)  Having strong role models from same ethnic/racial group 
C)  Strong connection to own ethnic/racial group 
D)  Positive ethnic/racial identity 
E)  All of the above

Question 19

How do automatic processes help improve processing speed?

Accepted Answer

A)  They increase working memory span. 
B)  They improve working memory. 
C)  They reduce cognitive load. 
D)  They increase reliance on long-term memory. 
E)  They increase working memory capacity. 
A)  They increase working memory span. 
B)  They improve working memory. 
C)  They reduce cognitive load. 
D)  They increase reliance on long-term memory. 
E)  They increase working memory capacity.

Question 20

Some schools have implemented girls-only math and science classes to encourage girls' interest in STEM disciplines. Explain the motivation behind such an approach based using the concept of culture and gender bias.

Accepted Answer

The goal of girls-only classes is to red

In many advanced countries, elementary school students learn multiplication table songs. Cognitive development researchers would consider such songs to be

A researcher would say that an adolescent who is able to understand the emotions of others has developed a(n) _______ theory of mind.

Studies have revealed consistent gender differences in verbal proficiency and mathematical proficiency over time and across countries. What is NOT suggested as a possible explanation for these differences?

Evergreen Highschool has seen a gradual increase in dropout rates over the past few years. According to research, what type of intervention program would be the most effective for reducing the dropout rate?

Some skeptics argue that low academic performance in low-income neighborhoods is primarily attributable to individual and family factors. How would a proponent of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory counter this view?

List and briefly explain five ways in which neighborhood context can affect adolescents' academic achievement.

When an experimenter asks Anisa, "What would happen if horses walked around on two legs?" she refuses to answer the question and adamantly states, "But, horses can't walk on two legs!" A Piagetian researcher seeing this would likely say that Anisa is

Twelve-year-old Rennie believes that effort and practice are the key to academic success. He is more interested in becoming good at new tasks than showing how "smart" he is. A developmental psychologist would say that Rennie has an

Some studies reveal that low-income students perform more poorly than middle- and high-income students on online tests. Provide a possible explanation for these results using the concept of "cultural tools."

Give an example of a deep memory strategy. Briefly explain why such strategies may be better for long-term memory than a shallow strategy.

Briefly explain a few structural reasons why teacher-student relationships might decline as students progress from elementary school to middle school and high school.

Aranya, a 13-year-old girl living in a remote village in Thailand who has not had much formal education tends to strongly rely on personal experience rather than abstract reasoning. A Piagetian researcher would say that she

Which is a way that academic writing differs from typical conversational language?

According to Piagetian theory, which is not a characteristic of the formal operational stage as compared to the concrete operational stage of cognitive development?

Experiencing or witnessing discrimination in school often causes students to reduce engagement with school. Which has/have been found by research to be a protective or preventative factor against withdrawal?

How do automatic processes help improve processing speed?

Some schools have implemented girls-only math and science classes to encourage girls' interest in STEM disciplines. Explain the motivation behind such an approach based using the concept of culture and gender bias.

Goals, Theories, and Methods

Heredity, Environment, and the Brain

Prenatal and Postnatal Health and Physical Development

Perceptual and Motor Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Language Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood

Cognitive and Language Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Filters

Exam 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence

In many advanced countries, elementary school students learn multiplication table songs. Cognitive development researchers would consider such songs to be

A researcher would say that an adolescent who is able to understand the emotions of others has developed a(n) _______ theory of mind.

Studies have revealed consistent gender differences in verbal proficiency and mathematical proficiency over time and across countries. What is NOT suggested as a possible explanation for these differences?

Evergreen Highschool has seen a gradual increase in dropout rates over the past few years. According to research, what type of intervention program would be the most effective for reducing the dropout rate?

Some skeptics argue that low academic performance in low-income neighborhoods is primarily attributable to individual and family factors. How would a proponent of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory counter this view?

List and briefly explain five ways in which neighborhood context can affect adolescents' academic achievement.

When an experimenter asks Anisa, "What would happen if horses walked around on two legs?" she refuses to answer the question and adamantly states, "But, horses can't walk on two legs!" A Piagetian researcher seeing this would likely say that Anisa is

Twelve-year-old Rennie believes that effort and practice are the key to academic success. He is more interested in becoming good at new tasks than showing how "smart" he is. A developmental psychologist would say that Rennie has an

Some studies reveal that low-income students perform more poorly than middle- and high-income students on online tests. Provide a possible explanation for these results using the concept of "cultural tools."

Give an example of a deep memory strategy. Briefly explain why such strategies may be better for long-term memory than a shallow strategy.

Briefly explain a few structural reasons why teacher-student relationships might decline as students progress from elementary school to middle school and high school.

Aranya, a 13-year-old girl living in a remote village in Thailand who has not had much formal education tends to strongly rely on personal experience rather than abstract reasoning. A Piagetian researcher would say that she

Which is a way that academic writing differs from typical conversational language?

According to Piagetian theory, which is not a characteristic of the formal operational stage as compared to the concrete operational stage of cognitive development?

Experiencing or witnessing discrimination in school often causes students to reduce engagement with school. Which has/have been found by research to be a protective or preventative factor against withdrawal?

How do automatic processes help improve processing speed?

Some schools have implemented girls-only math and science classes to encourage girls' interest in STEM disciplines. Explain the motivation behind such an approach based using the concept of culture and gender bias.

Goals, Theories, and Methods

Heredity, Environment, and the Brain

Prenatal and Postnatal Health and Physical Development

Perceptual and Motor Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Language Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood

Cognitive and Language Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Filters