Chat with AIExam 9: Recurring Victimization
What is the difference between the state dependence ("boost") theory of recurring victimization and the risk heterogeneity ("flag") theory? Does either theory offer a preferable explanation for recurring victimization? Explain why or why not.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotThe state dependence ("boost") theory of recurring victimization suggests that individuals who have been victimized in the past are at a higher risk of being victimized again in the future. This theory posits that the experience of victimization can have a lasting impact on an individual's vulnerability, leading to a "boost" in their risk of being victimized again.
On the other hand, the risk heterogeneity ("flag") theory proposes that certain individuals possess inherent characteristics or traits that make them more susceptible to victimization. These "flags" may include factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, or lifestyle choices that increase an individual's risk of being victimized.
Both theories offer valuable insights into the complex nature of recurring victimization. However, it is difficult to determine a preferable explanation as each theory has its own strengths and limitations.
The state dependence theory highlights the potential long-term effects of victimization and the importance of addressing the underlying factors that contribute to an individual's continued vulnerability. It emphasizes the need for targeted interventions and support for individuals who have experienced victimization in the past.
On the other hand, the risk heterogeneity theory draws attention to the broader societal and structural factors that contribute to differential levels of victimization risk. It underscores the importance of addressing systemic inequalities and implementing preventative measures that target high-risk populations.
Ultimately, both theories offer valuable perspectives on recurring victimization, and a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon may require considering the interplay between individual characteristics and broader social factors. It is important to recognize that each case of recurring victimization is unique and may be influenced by a combination of state dependence and risk heterogeneity factors. Therefore, a holistic approach that addresses both individual and systemic factors may be necessary to effectively prevent and respond to recurring victimization.
Revictimization is when a victim experiences _____________.
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VerifiedD
Recurring victimization is when the same individual or his or her property is victimized two or more times; it is divided into several categories depending on (1) the __________ of victimization and (2) the ____________ between victimizations..
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Research on repeat, near repeat, and virtual repeat victimization suggests that often the same offender has targeted previously victimized, nearby, or similar targets.
(39) Targets of virtual repeat victimization are chosen by offenders because, compared to previously victimized targets, they have _____________.
(34) One explanation of near repeat victimizations is that ____________ victimized targets increases victimization risks for nearby targets.
(34) Define three forms of recurring victimization and explain their differences from one another.
(34) Subsequent victimization will typically occur soon after the first victimization incident. A challenge for victimologists is _____________.
(45) Recurrent victimization comprises a small portion of individuals who are victimized and who experience a small proportion of all victimization incidents.
(34) Which of the following are patterns indicated by research using crime-switch matrixes?
(33) Rational choice theorists would explain recurring victimization by arguing that _____________.
(31) Using an opportunity perspective, discuss why (a) after an initial victimization, a subsequent victimization is highly likely to occur soon after and (b) the risk diminishes thereafter over time. Use a specific type of crime to support your arguments.
(37) Multiple victimization differs from repeat victimization because it _____________.
(41) According to the risk heterogeneity theory, certain victims possess characteristics that increase their risk for both _____________ and ____________.
(33) Explain how each of these four theories-state dependence, risk heterogeneity, lifestyle-routine activities, and rational choice-"works" to explain why recurring victimization happens. Use examples to highlight your answer.
(39) Repeat victimization is when a victim experiences _____________.
(29) Which of the following are examples of crime concentration?
(38) Polyvictimization is similar to multiple victimization, except that it has been used to refer to the victimization of _________.
(28) Explain the occurrence of recurring victimization in terms of the following:
(a) State dependence (boosts) and
(b) Risk heterogeneity (flags).
(c) Can both be operating simultaneously or are these two explanations for recurring victimization mutually exclusive?
Explain your answer. Use examples to illustrate your points.
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