Question 1

A(n) example(s) of the paradigm shift in victimology is that many victimologists now _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Seek to identify risk factors for victimization. 
B)  Work with offenders to understand victims' motivation. 
C)  Develop theories that explain how and why targets are selected for victimization. 
D)  Try to provide resources for offender rehabilitation. 
E)  A and C
F) B and D 
A)  Seek to identify risk factors for victimization. 
B)  Work with offenders to understand victims' motivation. 
C)  Develop theories that explain how and why targets are selected for victimization. 
D)  Try to provide resources for offender rehabilitation. 
E)  A and C
F) B and D E

Question 2

Research has found that restricting or controlling access to potential crime targets or locations for crime can significantly increase victimization risk.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Describe two techniques of SCP and give examples of how they can be used to prevent victimization.

Accepted Answer

Two techniques of SCP (Situation Crime Prevention) are environmental design and access control.

Environmental design involves modifying the physical environment to reduce opportunities for crime. For example, installing bright lighting in dark alleyways or parking lots can deter potential criminals and make it safer for pedestrians. Another example is landscaping that removes hiding spots and increases visibility, making it harder for criminals to lurk unnoticed.

Access control involves regulating who can enter and exit certain areas. This can be achieved through measures such as keycard access to buildings or gated communities with security guards. By controlling access to certain spaces, potential criminals are deterred from entering and victimizing individuals within those areas.

Both of these techniques can be used to prevent victimization by making it more difficult for criminals to commit crimes. By creating a safer and more secure environment, the likelihood of individuals becoming victims of crime is reduced.

Question 4

Compare and contrast defensible space, crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED), and situational crime prevention as strategies for preventing victimization. Provide examples of prevention tactics from each strategy to demonstrate similarities and differences.

Accepted Answer

Defensible space, crime prevention throu

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of an anticipatory benefit?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in offender motivation after an intervention is completed. 
B)  A reduction in the targeted offense before an intervention is implemented. 
C)  Stability in rates for the targeted victimization types during an intervention. 
D)  Greater variation in types of crime committed in a neighborhood following an intervention. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  An increase in offender motivation after an intervention is completed. 
B)  A reduction in the targeted offense before an intervention is implemented. 
C)  Stability in rates for the targeted victimization types during an intervention. 
D)  Greater variation in types of crime committed in a neighborhood following an intervention. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 6

Which of the following is one of the categories in Wortley's (2001) classification of precipitation control strategies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reducing speed limits. 
B)  Controlling calories. 
C)  Reducing provocations. 
D)  Controlling possibilities. 
E)  All of the above are categories in his classification. 
A)  Reducing speed limits. 
B)  Controlling calories. 
C)  Reducing provocations. 
D)  Controlling possibilities. 
E)  All of the above are categories in his classification.

Question 7

SCP strategies to increase the risks of criminal behavior include _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Utilizing place managers. 
B)  Extending guardianship. 
C)  Strengthening formal surveillance. 
D)  Assisting natural surveillance. 
E)  All of the above are strategies to increase the risks. 
A)  Utilizing place managers. 
B)  Extending guardianship. 
C)  Strengthening formal surveillance. 
D)  Assisting natural surveillance. 
E)  All of the above are strategies to increase the risks.

Question 8

Describe how and why situational crime prevention might be implemented on campus to prevent (a) personal theft in the library, (b) shoplifting in the bookstore, (c) personal theft in a residence hall room, or (d) motor vehicle theft in campus parking garage/lot.

Accepted Answer

Situational crime prevention can be impl

Question 9

Which of the following is not one of the main elements of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Territorial reinforcement. 
B)  Natural surveillance. 
C)  Image and space management. 
D)  Target hardening. 
E)  All of the above are main elements of CPTED. 
A)  Territorial reinforcement. 
B)  Natural surveillance. 
C)  Image and space management. 
D)  Target hardening. 
E)  All of the above are main elements of CPTED.

Question 10

Environmental criminology is an important addition to victimology because it _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Provides a practical means of addressing known risk factors for victimization. 
B)  Specifies and identifies risk factors for various types of victimization. 
C)  Supplements official crime statistics by triangulating them with other sources. 
D)  Offers insight into criminal motivation not possible with other victimological theories. 
A)  Provides a practical means of addressing known risk factors for victimization. 
B)  Specifies and identifies risk factors for various types of victimization. 
C)  Supplements official crime statistics by triangulating them with other sources. 
D)  Offers insight into criminal motivation not possible with other victimological theories.

Question 11

The three dimensions of defensible space are (1) territoriality, (2) __________, and (3) image and milieu.

Accepted Answer

A)  Activity support. 
B)  Access control. 
C)  Natural surveillance. 
D)  Target hardening. 
E)  Physical design. 
A)  Activity support. 
B)  Access control. 
C)  Natural surveillance. 
D)  Target hardening. 
E)  Physical design.

Question 12

Which of the following is not a possible form of displacement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Temporal. 
B)  Tactical. 
C)  Crime type. 
D)  Target. 
E)  Geographic.
F) All of the above are possible forms of displacement. 
A)  Temporal. 
B)  Tactical. 
C)  Crime type. 
D)  Target. 
E)  Geographic.
F) All of the above are possible forms of displacement.

Question 13

Describe one of the three strategies of "defensible space" and explain how it can be used to prevent victimization.

Accepted Answer

One of the three strategies of "defensib

Question 14

______________ is not among the perspectives informing environmental criminology.

Accepted Answer

A)  Routine activities theory. 
B)  Rational choice theory. 
C)  Labeling theory. 
D)  Crime pattern theory. 
E)  All of the above perspectives inform environmental criminology. 
A)  Routine activities theory. 
B)  Rational choice theory. 
C)  Labeling theory. 
D)  Crime pattern theory. 
E)  All of the above perspectives inform environmental criminology.

Question 15

Physical disorders are linked with high levels of fear of crime, lower housing prices, and increased neighborhood dissatisfaction, among other negative consequences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A possible criticism of SCP is that it is too conservative and managerial when it comes to addressing crime. Clarke's (2005) rebuttal to this criticism is that SCP _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Has solutions that are economic and socially acceptable. 
B)  Can reduce crime and displacement is not guaranteed. 
C)  Provides victims with a means to be compensated for their losses. 
D)  Is able to protect the poor and rich alike. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  Has solutions that are economic and socially acceptable. 
B)  Can reduce crime and displacement is not guaranteed. 
C)  Provides victims with a means to be compensated for their losses. 
D)  Is able to protect the poor and rich alike. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 17

As explained by crime pattern theory, nodes, paths, and edges present motivated offenders with _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Plea-bargain deals. 
B)  Reduced guardianship. 
C)  Criminal opportunities. 
D)  Formal surveillance. 
E)  Reduced provocations. 
A)  Plea-bargain deals. 
B)  Reduced guardianship. 
C)  Criminal opportunities. 
D)  Formal surveillance. 
E)  Reduced provocations.

Question 18

Which of the following concepts do not overlap in CPTED and defensible space?

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural surveillance. 
B)  Target hardening. 
C)  Territoriality. 
D)  Activity support. 
E)  A and
F) B and 
A)  Natural surveillance. 
B)  Target hardening. 
C)  Territoriality. 
D)  Activity support. 
E)  A and
F) B and

Question 19

The argument behind displacement assumes that _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Potential victims will continue their lifestyles and daily routines despite crime prevention efforts and their risk will remain stable. 
B)  Offenders will remain motivated to commit crimes when their initial efforts are thwarted by crime prevention measures. 
C)  Parolees and probationers will continue to commit offenses after being released from incarceration, although in a different neighborhood. 
D)  Police engage in profiling when making arrest decisions so offenders who are not profiled will not be prevented from committing crimes. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  Potential victims will continue their lifestyles and daily routines despite crime prevention efforts and their risk will remain stable. 
B)  Offenders will remain motivated to commit crimes when their initial efforts are thwarted by crime prevention measures. 
C)  Parolees and probationers will continue to commit offenses after being released from incarceration, although in a different neighborhood. 
D)  Police engage in profiling when making arrest decisions so offenders who are not profiled will not be prevented from committing crimes. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 20

Pick a specific place on campus. Describe (a) the strengths of its CPTED design and (b) the weaknesses of its CPTED design in preventing which types of crimes. Explain why the strengths prevent crime and why the weaknesses do not.

Accepted Answer

One specific place on campus with a stro

A(n) example(s) of the paradigm shift in victimology is that many victimologists now _____________.

Research has found that restricting or controlling access to potential crime targets or locations for crime can significantly increase victimization risk.

Describe two techniques of SCP and give examples of how they can be used to prevent victimization.

Compare and contrast defensible space, crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED), and situational crime prevention as strategies for preventing victimization. Provide examples of prevention tactics from each strategy to demonstrate similarities and differences.

Which of the following is an example of an anticipatory benefit?

Which of the following is one of the categories in Wortley's (2001) classification of precipitation control strategies?

SCP strategies to increase the risks of criminal behavior include _____________.

Describe how and why situational crime prevention might be implemented on campus to prevent (a) personal theft in the library, (b) shoplifting in the bookstore, (c) personal theft in a residence hall room, or (d) motor vehicle theft in campus parking garage/lot.

Which of the following is not one of the main elements of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED)?

Environmental criminology is an important addition to victimology because it _____________.

The three dimensions of defensible space are (1) territoriality, (2) __________, and (3) image and milieu.

Which of the following is not a possible form of displacement?

Describe one of the three strategies of "defensible space" and explain how it can be used to prevent victimization.

______________ is not among the perspectives informing environmental criminology.

Physical disorders are linked with high levels of fear of crime, lower housing prices, and increased neighborhood dissatisfaction, among other negative consequences.

A possible criticism of SCP is that it is too conservative and managerial when it comes to addressing crime. Clarke's (2005) rebuttal to this criticism is that SCP _____________.

As explained by crime pattern theory, nodes, paths, and edges present motivated offenders with _____________.

Which of the following concepts do not overlap in CPTED and defensible space?

The argument behind displacement assumes that _____________.

Pick a specific place on campus. Describe (a) the strengths of its CPTED design and (b) the weaknesses of its CPTED design in preventing which types of crimes. Explain why the strengths prevent crime and why the weaknesses do not.

Origins of Victimology

Opportunity Theories of Victimization

Contemporary Theories of Victimization

Sources of Victimization Data

Personal Victimization

Victimization of Women, Children, and the Elderly

Property and White-Collar Victimization

Domain-Specific Opportunities for Victimization

Recurring Victimization

Victim Decision Making

Consequences of Victimization

Responding to Victimization

Fear of Criminal Victimization

Filters

Exam 14: Preventing Victimization With Environmental Criminology

A(n) example(s) of the paradigm shift in victimology is that many victimologists now _____________.

Research has found that restricting or controlling access to potential crime targets or locations for crime can significantly increase victimization risk.

Describe two techniques of SCP and give examples of how they can be used to prevent victimization.

Compare and contrast defensible space, crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED), and situational crime prevention as strategies for preventing victimization. Provide examples of prevention tactics from each strategy to demonstrate similarities and differences.

Which of the following is an example of an anticipatory benefit?

Which of the following is one of the categories in Wortley's (2001) classification of precipitation control strategies?

SCP strategies to increase the risks of criminal behavior include _____________.

Describe how and why situational crime prevention might be implemented on campus to prevent (a) personal theft in the library, (b) shoplifting in the bookstore, (c) personal theft in a residence hall room, or (d) motor vehicle theft in campus parking garage/lot.

Which of the following is not one of the main elements of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED)?

Environmental criminology is an important addition to victimology because it _____________.

The three dimensions of defensible space are (1) territoriality, (2) __________, and (3) image and milieu.

Which of the following is not a possible form of displacement?

Describe one of the three strategies of "defensible space" and explain how it can be used to prevent victimization.

______________ is not among the perspectives informing environmental criminology.

Physical disorders are linked with high levels of fear of crime, lower housing prices, and increased neighborhood dissatisfaction, among other negative consequences.

A possible criticism of SCP is that it is too conservative and managerial when it comes to addressing crime. Clarke's (2005) rebuttal to this criticism is that SCP _____________.

As explained by crime pattern theory, nodes, paths, and edges present motivated offenders with _____________.

Which of the following concepts do not overlap in CPTED and defensible space?

The argument behind displacement assumes that _____________.

Pick a specific place on campus. Describe (a) the strengths of its CPTED design and (b) the weaknesses of its CPTED design in preventing which types of crimes. Explain why the strengths prevent crime and why the weaknesses do not.

Origins of Victimology

Opportunity Theories of Victimization

Contemporary Theories of Victimization

Sources of Victimization Data

Personal Victimization

Victimization of Women, Children, and the Elderly

Property and White-Collar Victimization

Domain-Specific Opportunities for Victimization

Recurring Victimization

Victim Decision Making

Consequences of Victimization

Responding to Victimization

Fear of Criminal Victimization

Filters