Exam 3: Theoretical Foundations of Crime and Delinquency

Positivist theorists depend on _____ to develop their ideas.

A _____ is based on real-life observations and data and is an important tool for understanding the world.

The control of behavior through the fear of consequences is _____.

According to Quetelet, the primary factor in determining the tendency for crime was _____.

A _____ is an educated guess.

This refers to the rules for the systematic pursuit of knowledge, typically the recognition and formulation of a problem.

According to Pfohl, demonic explanations of deviant behavior were of two types: road of temptation and road of _____.

Only the positivist school of criminology influences our current system and ideas of justice.

This term describes the ability or discretion to make choices that are unaffected by agencies such as fate or divine will.

Continuing to commit delinquent or criminal offenses after being convicted and sentenced for prior offenses is _____.

This is the philosophical doctrine that human action is determined by external forces and is not a result of free will.

This thinker reasoned that deterrence theory is a major part of the way that society should respond to crime.

This is a technique in which offenders are sentenced to long periods behind bars but are released on probation after a very short period of time.

This is an economic system characterized by the private or corporate ownership of production and distribution with the prices and production of goods determined by market competition.

This theory states that people consciously choose criminal behavior.

Pure classical philosophy as applied by the French in the 18th century was very lenient toward young offenders.

An explanation of delinquency that suggests that a child is possessed by a demon is a _____ explanation.

This is the practice of giving minor offenders an alarming experience with the justice system in order to convince them to obey the law.

The appearance in a person of features thought to be from earlier stages of human evolution was called _____.

A good theory should be stated in such a way that the propositions and their relationships can be scientifically tested.