Question 1

_____________________ states that major role-transitions in early adulthood trigger changes in personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  LOAR theory 
B)  Role theory 
C)  Social investment theory 
D)  The Five Factor Model 
A)  LOAR theory 
B)  Role theory 
C)  Social investment theory 
D)  The Five Factor Model C

Question 2

Fatalism is the belief that _______________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  human behavior is determined by external factors, not personality characteristics 
B)  major world religions share the same values and have the same concerns 
C)  events are predetermined and inevitable 
D)  God exists, even though bad things sometimes happen to good people 
A)  human behavior is determined by external factors, not personality characteristics 
B)  major world religions share the same values and have the same concerns 
C)  events are predetermined and inevitable 
D)  God exists, even though bad things sometimes happen to good people C

Question 3

Studies have found a relationship between cultural individualism and the onset of adulthood, with young people living in individualistic countries assuming work and family responsibilities earlier in life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Why is autocratic parenting usually successful in Chinese and Chinese American families?

Accepted Answer

Because the idea of autocratic parenting

Question 5

In their study of university students in Morocco and the United States, White and Blazek discovered that Muslim Moroccans were both more fatalistic and less fatalistic than Americans. How so?

Accepted Answer

Moroccans in the study were more likely

Question 6

Researchers Barbara Rogoff and Christine Mosier studied childrearing practices in Guatemala and the United States. Which of these was a major finding from their study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Guatemalan mothers allowed young children to play with hazardous toys, but American mothers did not. 
B)  American mothers allowed young children to play with hazardous toys, but Guatemalan mothers did not. 
C)  When an older sibling wanted to play with something a toddler had, American mothers did not insist on sharing or turn-taking. 
D)  When an older sibling wanted to play with something a toddler had, Guatemalan mothers did not insist on sharing or turn-taking. 
A)  Guatemalan mothers allowed young children to play with hazardous toys, but American mothers did not. 
B)  American mothers allowed young children to play with hazardous toys, but Guatemalan mothers did not. 
C)  When an older sibling wanted to play with something a toddler had, American mothers did not insist on sharing or turn-taking. 
D)  When an older sibling wanted to play with something a toddler had, Guatemalan mothers did not insist on sharing or turn-taking.

Question 7

According to studies, why do Americans and Canadians generally report higher levels of self-esteem than East Asians?

Accepted Answer

People in East Asia are more modest than

Question 8

Which (hypothetical) study finding below is consistent with the idea that Canadians are especially motivated to engage in self-enhancement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Canadians who believed they were good at solving puzzles were more likely than Japanese to continue to play with the puzzles. 
B)  Canadians who believed they were not very good at puzzles were more likely than Japanese to continue to play with the puzzles. 
C)  Canadian children are more likely than Japanese children to enroll in music lessons and foreign language classes. 
D)  both b and c 
A)  Canadians who believed they were good at solving puzzles were more likely than Japanese to continue to play with the puzzles. 
B)  Canadians who believed they were not very good at puzzles were more likely than Japanese to continue to play with the puzzles. 
C)  Canadian children are more likely than Japanese children to enroll in music lessons and foreign language classes. 
D)  both b and c

Question 9

In a cross-sectional study, researchers collect data from different-aged people at a single point in time. In a longitudinal study, researchers collect data from a single group of people over time. Which type of study is preferable when investigating a developmental process like personality maturation? Why?

Accepted Answer

A longitudinal study is preferable becau

Question 10

In their study of 53 countries and 17,000 individuals, researchers Schmitt and Allik found that people living in individualistic nations generally had much higher self-esteem scores than people living in collectivistic nations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Over the years, many cultural observers have stated that Muslim Arabs are more fatalistic than non-Muslims and non-Arabs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Most parents in the United States are either permissive or autocratic, but most Chinese American parents are authoritative, and their children usually perform well in school.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Values of the correlation coefficient r _____________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  express the strength of the mathematical relationship between two variables 
B)  can range from 0.00 to +1.00 
C)  cannot be used to characterize an inverse relationship 
D)  all of the above 
A)  express the strength of the mathematical relationship between two variables 
B)  can range from 0.00 to +1.00 
C)  cannot be used to characterize an inverse relationship 
D)  all of the above

Question 14

In her review of fatalism studies, Danielle Blazek discovered that _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  researchers agreed on the definition of fatalism but disagreed on the best way to measure it 
B)  researchers agreed on the measurement of fatalism but disagreed on the best way to define it 
C)  national fatalism scores were higher in Southern Europe than in Northern Europe 
D)  studies of group differences and regional differences produced inconsistent results 
A)  researchers agreed on the definition of fatalism but disagreed on the best way to measure it 
B)  researchers agreed on the measurement of fatalism but disagreed on the best way to define it 
C)  national fatalism scores were higher in Southern Europe than in Northern Europe 
D)  studies of group differences and regional differences produced inconsistent results

Question 15

Researchers have identified two dimensions of parenting that, when combined, produce four distinct parenting styles. Name the dimensions and the parenting styles.

Accepted Answer

The dimensions are warmth (or responsive

Question 16

In social science, a test is said to be reliable if it accurately measures what it claims to measure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

According to researchers, which of the following is the most likely explanation for national differences in self-esteem scores?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-esteem is affected by genetics, and different countries have different gene pools. 
B)  Countries that perform well in the Summer Olympics or World Cup tend to report higher levels of self-esteem. 
C)  People living in different countries have different diets, and self-esteem is affected by diet. 
D)  People in some countries are more modest than people in other countries, so they agree with statements about self-esteem "somewhat" instead of "strongly." 
A)  Self-esteem is affected by genetics, and different countries have different gene pools. 
B)  Countries that perform well in the Summer Olympics or World Cup tend to report higher levels of self-esteem. 
C)  People living in different countries have different diets, and self-esteem is affected by diet. 
D)  People in some countries are more modest than people in other countries, so they agree with statements about self-esteem "somewhat" instead of "strongly."

Question 18

The "terrible twos" phenomenon is completely absent in some cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is said to be a reliable and valid test. What is a reliable test? What is a valid test?

Accepted Answer

A reliable test performs consistently, n

Question 20

When researchers construct a scale that is designed to measure a psychological variable, they want the scale to have good test-retest reliability and good construct validity. What is test-retest reliability? What is construct validity?

Accepted Answer

A scale has good test-retest reliability

_____________________ states that major role-transitions in early adulthood trigger changes in personality.

Fatalism is the belief that _______________________.

Studies have found a relationship between cultural individualism and the onset of adulthood, with young people living in individualistic countries assuming work and family responsibilities earlier in life.

Why is autocratic parenting usually successful in Chinese and Chinese American families?

In their study of university students in Morocco and the United States, White and Blazek discovered that Muslim Moroccans were both more fatalistic and less fatalistic than Americans. How so?

Researchers Barbara Rogoff and Christine Mosier studied childrearing practices in Guatemala and the United States. Which of these was a major finding from their study?

According to studies, why do Americans and Canadians generally report higher levels of self-esteem than East Asians?

Which (hypothetical) study finding below is consistent with the idea that Canadians are especially motivated to engage in self-enhancement?

In their study of 53 countries and 17,000 individuals, researchers Schmitt and Allik found that people living in individualistic nations generally had much higher self-esteem scores than people living in collectivistic nations.

Over the years, many cultural observers have stated that Muslim Arabs are more fatalistic than non-Muslims and non-Arabs.

Most parents in the United States are either permissive or autocratic, but most Chinese American parents are authoritative, and their children usually perform well in school.

Values of the correlation coefficient r _____________________________.

In her review of fatalism studies, Danielle Blazek discovered that _______________.

Researchers have identified two dimensions of parenting that, when combined, produce four distinct parenting styles. Name the dimensions and the parenting styles.

In social science, a test is said to be reliable if it accurately measures what it claims to measure.

According to researchers, which of the following is the most likely explanation for national differences in self-esteem scores?

The "terrible twos" phenomenon is completely absent in some cultures.

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is said to be a reliable and valid test. What is a reliable test? What is a valid test?

When researchers construct a scale that is designed to measure a psychological variable, they want the scale to have good test-retest reliability and good construct validity. What is test-retest reliability? What is construct validity?

Conceptual Tools

Methodological Considerations

Intercultural Communication

Perceptual Processes

Cognitive Processes

Health and Well-Being

Social Behavior

Moral Reasoning

Living in a Multicultural World

Filters

Exam 6: Human Development and Individual Differences

_____________________ states that major role-transitions in early adulthood trigger changes in personality.

Fatalism is the belief that _______________________.

Studies have found a relationship between cultural individualism and the onset of adulthood, with young people living in individualistic countries assuming work and family responsibilities earlier in life.

Why is autocratic parenting usually successful in Chinese and Chinese American families?

In their study of university students in Morocco and the United States, White and Blazek discovered that Muslim Moroccans were both more fatalistic and less fatalistic than Americans. How so?

Researchers Barbara Rogoff and Christine Mosier studied childrearing practices in Guatemala and the United States. Which of these was a major finding from their study?

According to studies, why do Americans and Canadians generally report higher levels of self-esteem than East Asians?

Which (hypothetical) study finding below is consistent with the idea that Canadians are especially motivated to engage in self-enhancement?

In their study of 53 countries and 17,000 individuals, researchers Schmitt and Allik found that people living in individualistic nations generally had much higher self-esteem scores than people living in collectivistic nations.

Over the years, many cultural observers have stated that Muslim Arabs are more fatalistic than non-Muslims and non-Arabs.

Most parents in the United States are either permissive or autocratic, but most Chinese American parents are authoritative, and their children usually perform well in school.

Values of the correlation coefficient r _____________________________.

In her review of fatalism studies, Danielle Blazek discovered that _______________.

Researchers have identified two dimensions of parenting that, when combined, produce four distinct parenting styles. Name the dimensions and the parenting styles.

In social science, a test is said to be reliable if it accurately measures what it claims to measure.

According to researchers, which of the following is the most likely explanation for national differences in self-esteem scores?

The "terrible twos" phenomenon is completely absent in some cultures.

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is said to be a reliable and valid test. What is a reliable test? What is a valid test?

When researchers construct a scale that is designed to measure a psychological variable, they want the scale to have good test-retest reliability and good construct validity. What is test-retest reliability? What is construct validity?

Conceptual Tools

Methodological Considerations

Intercultural Communication

Perceptual Processes

Cognitive Processes

Health and Well-Being

Social Behavior

Moral Reasoning

Living in a Multicultural World

Filters