Exam 7: Health and Well-Being

Which hypothesis was supported by the results of MacDonald's study of ADHD in Australia, Norway, Sweden, and the United States?

The ecological fallacy is the erroneous assumption that information about a group can be used to make inferences about individuals who belong to the group.

A meta-analysis in 1980 examined the results of 475 separate studies of the effectiveness of psychotherapy. What did the researchers conclude on the basis of their meta-analysis?

What is the maximization principle? What is the moderation principle? Give an example of each principle to demonstrate your understanding.

Meta-analysis is the process in which an empirical study is reviewed and evaluated by three or more experts to determine if the study should be published in an academic journal.

A study by the World Health Organization found that the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was very similar in all 20 nations studied.

Researchers examined 148 million tweets in the United States and discovered that the best predictor of a county's heart disease death rate was __________________________.

Which of the following is an important limitation of big data studies?

According to a study by the World Health Organization, the prevalence of childhood ADHD was strongly related to _________________________.

Researchers have discovered that, in both Japan and the United States, individuals who often express anger are at greater risk for heart disease than individuals who rarely express anger.

According to psychiatrist and anthropologist a. using a reliable and valid diagnostic test b. naming the problem in terms the client will accept as valid c. raising the client's expectations about the likelihood of success d. giving the client a sense of mastery and control over the problem

Researchers have used big data studies and prospective studies to examine the impact of expressing anger on heart disease. Using multiple methods is always a good idea but, in this situation, prospective studies are generally superior to big data studies. Why?

A placebo is a medicinal substance that has a real curative effect, but the medicine fails to work because the patient mistakenly believes the medicine is useless.

Shinobu Kitayama and his colleagues discovered that, in the United States, expressing anger is associated with poor heart health. In Japan, however, expressing anger is associated with good heart health. How did the researchers explain this puzzling finding?

Suppose you were asked by the World Health Organization to estimate the prevalence of depression in nations around the world. Assuming the WHO provided you with plenty of money and staff, how would you do it?

What is the self-fulfilling prophecy? In your answer, present an example that demonstrates your understanding of the concept.

Imagine you have accepted a position at a mental health clinic in which you will be counseling many clients who were born and raised in a foreign country. Given what you have learned about the fundamental components of effective psychotherapy, what should you keep in mind when you devise therapeutic treatments for your clients?

Compared to people in most nations, people in some nations generally choose lower ideal levels of happiness, intelligence, and health. People in these nations are also likely to _________________________.

____________________ aim to identify and enhance the human strengths and virtues that allow individuals and communities to flourish.

According to researchers, what factors are associated with higher levels of subjective well-being in studies of individuals? What factors are associated with higher levels of subjective well-being in studies of nations?