Question 1

Describe the four problems associated with problem solving, including examples.

Accepted Answer

1. Mental Set: This problem occurs when

Question 2

Roger is applying to graduate schools. The applications are complicated and it takes a lot of work to complete them. As he is finishing them up, he hears from his friend Sue that there are example personal statements available online. Roger decides to re-write his statement. Sue's information can be described as a/an

Accepted Answer

A)  initial states. 
B)  hint. 
C)  goal state. 
D)  rule. 
A)  initial states. 
B)  hint. 
C)  goal state. 
D)  rule.

Question 3

Expertise can be judged most accurately by the amount of experience a person has at a certain task.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The problems that most people encounter in the "real-world" are less clearly defined than most of the problems that are encountered in school.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Continually selecting a point that is halfway between the present state and the goal as a systematic means for "guessing" at the solution is called

Accepted Answer

A)  specialization. 
B)  the split-half method. 
C)  generalization. 
D)  breaking set. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  specialization. 
B)  the split-half method. 
C)  generalization. 
D)  breaking set. 
E)  None of the above

Question 6

Liz needs to choose an office space. Liz needs the space to be small (because she can't afford the larger spaces), but she needs to have lots of storage space at the same time. Liz's dilemma is an example of a problem

Accepted Answer

A)  space. 
B)  conundrum. 
C)  contradiction. 
D)  perspective-taking. 
A)  space. 
B)  conundrum. 
C)  contradiction. 
D)  perspective-taking.

Question 7

The problem-solving strategy that is best suited for ill-defined problems is called

Accepted Answer

A)  restating the problem. 
B)  means-end analysis. 
C)  generalization. 
D)  mechanization. 
A)  restating the problem. 
B)  means-end analysis. 
C)  generalization. 
D)  mechanization.

Question 8

David has decided to "sleep on it," meaning he will wait until morning to choose a solution to his current employment problems. David is using

Accepted Answer

A)  judgment. 
B)  awareness. 
C)  incubation. 
D)  production. 
A)  judgment. 
B)  awareness. 
C)  incubation. 
D)  production.

Question 9

A decision should always be judged by the quality of its outcome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

If you cannot solve a problem in a few minutes, then it is unlikely that you will be able to solve it if you keep working on it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Drawing a diagram is a good problem solving aid, but only for problems that are very difficult.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The first stage in problem solving is called the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  judgment 
B)  production 
C)  awareness 
D)  preparation 
A)  judgment 
B)  production 
C)  awareness 
D)  preparation

Question 13

We tend to judge information that is easy to recall as more frequent in occurrence than information that is difficult to recall.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following best represents stages of problem-solving?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evaluation, production, preparation, selection 
B)  Production, preparation, judgment/evaluation, selection 
C)  Evaluation, preparation, production, selection 
D)  Selection, preparation, judgment/evaluation, production 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Evaluation, production, preparation, selection 
B)  Production, preparation, judgment/evaluation, selection 
C)  Evaluation, preparation, production, selection 
D)  Selection, preparation, judgment/evaluation, production 
E)  None of the above

Question 15

Predispositions to think and respond in a certain way when solving problems are called

Accepted Answer

A)  worldview constraints. 
B)  rules. 
C)  mental sets. 
D)  functional fixedness. 
A)  worldview constraints. 
B)  rules. 
C)  mental sets. 
D)  functional fixedness.

Question 16

The anatomical parts of a problem include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  initial states. 
B)  problem space. 
C)  goal states. 
D)  solution paths. 
E)  All of the above are parts of a problem 
A)  initial states. 
B)  problem space. 
C)  goal states. 
D)  solution paths. 
E)  All of the above are parts of a problem

Question 17

A good general plan for solving problems is to state the goal in several different ways.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

There is a considerable body of evidence that shows that people make better decisions when they use a worksheet procedure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

When picking 6 lottery numbers, 12, 7, 4, 31, 6, 28 is more likely to win (if the lottery is fair) than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Problems with a single correct answer are called __________, while problems with many possible correct answers are called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  easy…..difficult 
B)  simplified…..generalized 
C)  well-defined…..ill-defined 
D)  short…..long 
A)  easy…..difficult 
B)  simplified…..generalized 
C)  well-defined…..ill-defined 
D)  short…..long

Describe the four problems associated with problem solving, including examples.

Expertise can be judged most accurately by the amount of experience a person has at a certain task.

The problems that most people encounter in the "real-world" are less clearly defined than most of the problems that are encountered in school.

Continually selecting a point that is halfway between the present state and the goal as a systematic means for "guessing" at the solution is called

Liz needs to choose an office space. Liz needs the space to be small (because she can't afford the larger spaces), but she needs to have lots of storage space at the same time. Liz's dilemma is an example of a problem

The problem-solving strategy that is best suited for ill-defined problems is called

David has decided to "sleep on it," meaning he will wait until morning to choose a solution to his current employment problems. David is using

A decision should always be judged by the quality of its outcome.

If you cannot solve a problem in a few minutes, then it is unlikely that you will be able to solve it if you keep working on it.

Drawing a diagram is a good problem solving aid, but only for problems that are very difficult.

The first stage in problem solving is called the __________ stage.

We tend to judge information that is easy to recall as more frequent in occurrence than information that is difficult to recall.

Which of the following best represents stages of problem-solving?

Predispositions to think and respond in a certain way when solving problems are called

The anatomical parts of a problem include all of the following EXCEPT

A good general plan for solving problems is to state the goal in several different ways.

There is a considerable body of evidence that shows that people make better decisions when they use a worksheet procedure.

When picking 6 lottery numbers, 12, 7, 4, 31, 6, 28 is more likely to win (if the lottery is fair) than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

Problems with a single correct answer are called , while problems with many possible correct answers are called .

Thinking: An Introduction

Thinking Starts Here: Memory As the Mediator of Cognitive Processes

The Relationship Between Thought and Language

Reasoning: Drawing Deductively Valid Conclusions

Analyzing Arguments

Thinking As Hypothesis Testing

Likelihood and Uncertainty: Understanding Probabilities

Decision Making: It Is a Matter of Choice

Creative Thinking

Filters

Exam 9: Development of Problem Solving Skills

Describe the four problems associated with problem solving, including examples.

Expertise can be judged most accurately by the amount of experience a person has at a certain task.

The problems that most people encounter in the "real-world" are less clearly defined than most of the problems that are encountered in school.

Continually selecting a point that is halfway between the present state and the goal as a systematic means for "guessing" at the solution is called

Liz needs to choose an office space. Liz needs the space to be small (because she can't afford the larger spaces), but she needs to have lots of storage space at the same time. Liz's dilemma is an example of a problem

The problem-solving strategy that is best suited for ill-defined problems is called

David has decided to "sleep on it," meaning he will wait until morning to choose a solution to his current employment problems. David is using

A decision should always be judged by the quality of its outcome.

If you cannot solve a problem in a few minutes, then it is unlikely that you will be able to solve it if you keep working on it.

Drawing a diagram is a good problem solving aid, but only for problems that are very difficult.

The first stage in problem solving is called the __________ stage.

We tend to judge information that is easy to recall as more frequent in occurrence than information that is difficult to recall.

Which of the following best represents stages of problem-solving?

Predispositions to think and respond in a certain way when solving problems are called

The anatomical parts of a problem include all of the following EXCEPT

A good general plan for solving problems is to state the goal in several different ways.

There is a considerable body of evidence that shows that people make better decisions when they use a worksheet procedure.

When picking 6 lottery numbers, 12, 7, 4, 31, 6, 28 is more likely to win (if the lottery is fair) than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

Problems with a single correct answer are called __________, while problems with many possible correct answers are called __________.

Thinking: An Introduction

Thinking Starts Here: Memory As the Mediator of Cognitive Processes

The Relationship Between Thought and Language

Reasoning: Drawing Deductively Valid Conclusions

Analyzing Arguments

Thinking As Hypothesis Testing

Likelihood and Uncertainty: Understanding Probabilities

Decision Making: It Is a Matter of Choice

Creative Thinking

Filters

Problems with a single correct answer are called , while problems with many possible correct answers are called .