Question 1

If Wilson Elementary School wanted to examine the effects of participation in music class on children's math ability, the independent variable would be

Accepted Answer

A)  the music teacher. 
B)  participation in music class. 
C)  math ability. 
D)  children. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  the music teacher. 
B)  participation in music class. 
C)  math ability. 
D)  children. 
E)  None of the above

Question 2

A team of sociologists, political scientists, and other scholars examined the political and social events leading up to a riot in a large city, in an effort to prevent such riots in the future. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  retrospective research. 
B)  a case study. 
C)  prospective research. 
D)  a correlational design. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  retrospective research. 
B)  a case study. 
C)  prospective research. 
D)  a correlational design. 
E)  None of the above

Question 3

A researcher is interested in differences in examining the statistical relationship between parental conflict and children's depression. What would you recommend?

Accepted Answer

A)  experimentation 
B)  a case study 
C)  pretest-posttest one-group design 
D)  a correlational design 
E)  None of the above, because it is unethical to investigate parental conflict 
A)  experimentation 
B)  a case study 
C)  pretest-posttest one-group design 
D)  a correlational design 
E)  None of the above, because it is unethical to investigate parental conflict

Question 4

In determining cause, the most important variable is the use of correlated groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

When we make judgments about groups of people, we tend to think of people in groups that we don't belong to as being very similar to each other and people in the groups we belong to as being very different from each other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The population of interest in a research study depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  the funding and time available to conduct the research. 
B)  the main research question(s) 
C)  the availability of research participants/subjects. 
D)  the size of the sample. 
A)  the funding and time available to conduct the research. 
B)  the main research question(s) 
C)  the availability of research participants/subjects. 
D)  the size of the sample.

Question 7

The number of ice cream cones sold in a city is positively correlated with the number of bank robberies in the same city. Explain this correlational relationship.

Accepted Answer

There are a few possible explanations fo

Question 8

Some people who smoke cigarettes suffer from lung diseases, while other people never show any negative outcomes from smoking. These differences are reflective of

Accepted Answer

A)  randomness. 
B)  data. 
C)  experimentation. 
D)  variability. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  randomness. 
B)  data. 
C)  experimentation. 
D)  variability. 
E)  None of the above

Question 9

The __________ is the variable that is manipulated and controlled by the experimenter; the __________ is the outcome of interest.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent variable…..independent variable 
B)  operational definition…..independent variable 
C)  hypothesis variable…..dependent variable 
D)  independent variable…..dependent variable 
A)  dependent variable…..independent variable 
B)  operational definition…..independent variable 
C)  hypothesis variable…..dependent variable 
D)  independent variable…..dependent variable

Question 10

Great Brands Co. is trying to see if its executive training program is effective for improving employee morale. Which of the following is the dependent variable they are examining?

Accepted Answer

A)  Executives at Great Brands Co. 
B)  Participation in the training program 
C)  Employee morale 
D)  Great Brands Co. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Executives at Great Brands Co. 
B)  Participation in the training program 
C)  Employee morale 
D)  Great Brands Co. 
E)  None of the above

Question 11

Dr. Lopez is assessing how well new drivers recognize road signs from far away. He does this by testing their eyesight, as well as how they perform on a driving simulation task. Their eyesight scores are highly correlated with the number of errors they make on the driving task. Participants generally score the same on each test when they take them again. It seems that the measures Dr. Lopez is using are

Accepted Answer

A)  reliable and valid. 
B)  reliable but not valid. 
C)  valid but not reliable. 
D)  neither valid nor reliable. 
A)  reliable and valid. 
B)  reliable but not valid. 
C)  valid but not reliable. 
D)  neither valid nor reliable.

Question 12

When we test hypotheses, we begin by

Accepted Answer

A)  selecting a sample of subjects. 
B)  identifying the variables of interest. 
C)  forming the experimental and control groups. 
D)  selecting a research design. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  selecting a sample of subjects. 
B)  identifying the variables of interest. 
C)  forming the experimental and control groups. 
D)  selecting a research design. 
E)  All of the above

Question 13

Most scientists use __________ samples in their research.

Accepted Answer

A)  national 
B)  very small 
C)  convenience 
D)  random 
E)  None of the above 
A)  national 
B)  very small 
C)  convenience 
D)  random 
E)  None of the above

Question 14

As people get older, the number of wrinkles on their faces increases. This is a __________ relationship between variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  causal 
B)  convergent 
C)  positive 
D)  negative 
A)  causal 
B)  convergent 
C)  positive 
D)  negative

Question 15

Dr. Johnson-Johnson invented a new measure of intelligence based on the number of telephones in a person's house. Joe has only one telephone, while Rick has sixteen telephones. Obviously, Rick is very smart. Joe and Rick were tested three times, and their scores were always the same. This test is

Accepted Answer

A)  reliable and valid. 
B)  reliable but not valid. 
C)  valid but not reliable. 
D)  neither valid nor reliable. 
A)  reliable and valid. 
B)  reliable but not valid. 
C)  valid but not reliable. 
D)  neither valid nor reliable.

Question 16

There is a __________ relationship between the size of my research sample and the generalizability of my research results.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  lack of 
D)  curvilinear 
E)  None of the above 
A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  lack of 
D)  curvilinear 
E)  None of the above

Question 17

If a researcher wanted to examine the effects of exercise on young adults' lung capacity, the dependent variable would be

Accepted Answer

A)  exercise. 
B)  young adults. 
C)  young adults' lung capacity. 
D)  ability to exercise. 
A)  exercise. 
B)  young adults. 
C)  young adults' lung capacity. 
D)  ability to exercise.

Question 18

One way to prevent self-fulfilling prophecies from affecting research results is to use a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  random sample 
B)  convenience sample 
C)  correlational design 
D)  double-blind procedure 
E)  None of the above 
A)  random sample 
B)  convenience sample 
C)  correlational design 
D)  double-blind procedure 
E)  None of the above

Question 19

Explain how the double-blind procedure may work to combat self-fulfilling prophecies in research.

Accepted Answer

The double-blind procedure is a method u

Question 20

A method of conducting research in which possible causative factors of an event are identified before the event occurs is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a correlational design. 
B)  None of the above 
C)  retrospective research. 
D)  a case study. 
E)  prospective research. 
A)  a correlational design. 
B)  None of the above 
C)  retrospective research. 
D)  a case study. 
E)  prospective research.

If Wilson Elementary School wanted to examine the effects of participation in music class on children's math ability, the independent variable would be

A team of sociologists, political scientists, and other scholars examined the political and social events leading up to a riot in a large city, in an effort to prevent such riots in the future. This is an example of

A researcher is interested in differences in examining the statistical relationship between parental conflict and children's depression. What would you recommend?

In determining cause, the most important variable is the use of correlated groups.

When we make judgments about groups of people, we tend to think of people in groups that we don't belong to as being very similar to each other and people in the groups we belong to as being very different from each other.

The population of interest in a research study depends on

The number of ice cream cones sold in a city is positively correlated with the number of bank robberies in the same city. Explain this correlational relationship.

Some people who smoke cigarettes suffer from lung diseases, while other people never show any negative outcomes from smoking. These differences are reflective of

The is the variable that is manipulated and controlled by the experimenter; the is the outcome of interest.

Great Brands Co. is trying to see if its executive training program is effective for improving employee morale. Which of the following is the dependent variable they are examining?

When we test hypotheses, we begin by

Most scientists use __________ samples in their research.

As people get older, the number of wrinkles on their faces increases. This is a __________ relationship between variables.

Dr. Johnson-Johnson invented a new measure of intelligence based on the number of telephones in a person's house. Joe has only one telephone, while Rick has sixteen telephones. Obviously, Rick is very smart. Joe and Rick were tested three times, and their scores were always the same. This test is

There is a __________ relationship between the size of my research sample and the generalizability of my research results.

If a researcher wanted to examine the effects of exercise on young adults' lung capacity, the dependent variable would be

One way to prevent self-fulfilling prophecies from affecting research results is to use a __________.

Explain how the double-blind procedure may work to combat self-fulfilling prophecies in research.

A method of conducting research in which possible causative factors of an event are identified before the event occurs is called

Thinking: An Introduction

Thinking Starts Here: Memory As the Mediator of Cognitive Processes

The Relationship Between Thought and Language

Reasoning: Drawing Deductively Valid Conclusions

Analyzing Arguments

Likelihood and Uncertainty: Understanding Probabilities

Decision Making: It Is a Matter of Choice

Development of Problem Solving Skills

Creative Thinking

Filters

Exam 6: Thinking As Hypothesis Testing

If Wilson Elementary School wanted to examine the effects of participation in music class on children's math ability, the independent variable would be

A team of sociologists, political scientists, and other scholars examined the political and social events leading up to a riot in a large city, in an effort to prevent such riots in the future. This is an example of

A researcher is interested in differences in examining the statistical relationship between parental conflict and children's depression. What would you recommend?

In determining cause, the most important variable is the use of correlated groups.

When we make judgments about groups of people, we tend to think of people in groups that we don't belong to as being very similar to each other and people in the groups we belong to as being very different from each other.

The population of interest in a research study depends on

The number of ice cream cones sold in a city is positively correlated with the number of bank robberies in the same city. Explain this correlational relationship.

Some people who smoke cigarettes suffer from lung diseases, while other people never show any negative outcomes from smoking. These differences are reflective of

The __________ is the variable that is manipulated and controlled by the experimenter; the __________ is the outcome of interest.

Great Brands Co. is trying to see if its executive training program is effective for improving employee morale. Which of the following is the dependent variable they are examining?

When we test hypotheses, we begin by

Most scientists use __________ samples in their research.

As people get older, the number of wrinkles on their faces increases. This is a __________ relationship between variables.

Dr. Johnson-Johnson invented a new measure of intelligence based on the number of telephones in a person's house. Joe has only one telephone, while Rick has sixteen telephones. Obviously, Rick is very smart. Joe and Rick were tested three times, and their scores were always the same. This test is

There is a __________ relationship between the size of my research sample and the generalizability of my research results.

If a researcher wanted to examine the effects of exercise on young adults' lung capacity, the dependent variable would be

One way to prevent self-fulfilling prophecies from affecting research results is to use a __________.

Explain how the double-blind procedure may work to combat self-fulfilling prophecies in research.

A method of conducting research in which possible causative factors of an event are identified before the event occurs is called

Thinking: An Introduction

Thinking Starts Here: Memory As the Mediator of Cognitive Processes

The Relationship Between Thought and Language

Reasoning: Drawing Deductively Valid Conclusions

Analyzing Arguments

Likelihood and Uncertainty: Understanding Probabilities

Decision Making: It Is a Matter of Choice

Development of Problem Solving Skills

Creative Thinking

Filters

The is the variable that is manipulated and controlled by the experimenter; the is the outcome of interest.