Question 1

The _________ refers to the child's knowledge of one sex or the other.

Accepted Answer

A)  basic gender schema 
B)  same-sex/opposite-sex schema 
C)  own-sex schema 
D)  gender identity schema 
A)  basic gender schema 
B)  same-sex/opposite-sex schema 
C)  own-sex schema 
D)  gender identity schema

Question 2

Levels of testosterone may be influenced by the environment as well as biological functions.For example,testosterone levels frequently increase after an aggressive encounter.This suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  females are potentially more at risk for developing congenital adrenal hyperactivity after an aggressive encounter with a peer. 
B)  males are more at risk for developing androgen hypersensitivity during adolescence. 
C)  the link between testosterone and aggression finally has been found to have a causal basis. 
D)  the link between testosterone and aggression is multidirectional. 
A)  females are potentially more at risk for developing congenital adrenal hyperactivity after an aggressive encounter with a peer. 
B)  males are more at risk for developing androgen hypersensitivity during adolescence. 
C)  the link between testosterone and aggression finally has been found to have a causal basis. 
D)  the link between testosterone and aggression is multidirectional.

Question 3

What are some actual physical sex differences?

Accepted Answer

Males and females differ in se

Question 4

Cross-cultural research on gender stereotypes has revealed

Accepted Answer

A)  gender stereotypes from different cultures to be inconsistent. 
B)  many similarities in the stereotypes that adults attribute to males and females. 
C)  that in most societies,males are expected to be expressive. 
D)  that in most societies,males and females are expected to behave alike. 
A)  gender stereotypes from different cultures to be inconsistent. 
B)  many similarities in the stereotypes that adults attribute to males and females. 
C)  that in most societies,males are expected to be expressive. 
D)  that in most societies,males and females are expected to behave alike.

Question 5

Liam knows that he is a boy and that he will still be male when he grows up.Liam has acquired

Accepted Answer

A)  gender typicality. 
B)  gender identity. 
C)  gender stability. 
D)  gender constancy. 
A)  gender typicality. 
B)  gender identity. 
C)  gender stability. 
D)  gender constancy.

Question 6

According to the brain lateralization hypothesis,boys' brains mature more _________ than girls' brains,and consequently male brains are _________ specialized.

Accepted Answer

A)  slowly;more 
B)  slowly;less 
C)  rapidly;more 
D)  rapidly;less 
A)  slowly;more 
B)  slowly;less 
C)  rapidly;more 
D)  rapidly;less

Question 7

Discuss Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental theory of gender development.What are its essential elements? Does research support or refute Kohlberg's theory?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary,but should discuss Koh

Question 8

What are some actual sex differences in cognition?

Accepted Answer

Possible Response: The most no

Question 9

What factors can break the pattern of enacting gender stereotypes via sex-typed activities?

Accepted Answer

Playing with a sibling of the

Question 10

Gender stereotypes are

Accepted Answer

A)  the knowledge that one is either male or female. 
B)  the process by which individuals acquire masculine or feminine behavior. 
C)  cultural expectations about the characteristic behaviors of males and females. 
D)  behaviors usually exhibited by the opposite sex. 
A)  the knowledge that one is either male or female. 
B)  the process by which individuals acquire masculine or feminine behavior. 
C)  cultural expectations about the characteristic behaviors of males and females. 
D)  behaviors usually exhibited by the opposite sex.

Question 11

In _________ theories,gender is emphasized as a conceptual category,a way of classifying people on the basis of their overt appearance or behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  learning 
B)  social cognitive 
C)  psychosocial 
D)  cognitive-developmental 
A)  learning 
B)  social cognitive 
C)  psychosocial 
D)  cognitive-developmental

Question 12

The only parental behavior that shows a significant impact on gender development is

Accepted Answer

A)  academic achievement expectations. 
B)  reactions to crying. 
C)  reactions to aggression. 
D)  the encouragement of sex-typed activities. 
A)  academic achievement expectations. 
B)  reactions to crying. 
C)  reactions to aggression. 
D)  the encouragement of sex-typed activities.

Question 13

A recent study showed that children's activity interests and leisure activities

Accepted Answer

A)  are more gender-stereotyped than are their beliefs about gender. 
B)  are less gender-stereotyped than are their beliefs about gender. 
C)  are not gender-stereotyped at all. 
D)  are more gender-stereotyped if the mother is employed. 
A)  are more gender-stereotyped than are their beliefs about gender. 
B)  are less gender-stereotyped than are their beliefs about gender. 
C)  are not gender-stereotyped at all. 
D)  are more gender-stereotyped if the mother is employed.

Question 14

For thirteen- to fifteen-year-olds who report attraction to members of the same sex,risks for depression,low self-esteem,and poor school performance start to become apparent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The knowledge a child has about whether he or she is male or female,beginning at around two-and-a-half years of age,is referred to as gender

Accepted Answer

A)  role. 
B)  identity. 
C)  assignment. 
D)  constancy. 
A)  role. 
B)  identity. 
C)  assignment. 
D)  constancy.

Question 16

Explain what it means for children to be gender schematic or gender aschematic.

Accepted Answer

Children who are gender schematic posses

Question 17

Explain the process known as lateralization of the brain and how it may be related to sex differences in cognition.

Accepted Answer

During the course of development the two

Question 18

Children's understanding that their gender will not change if their behavior and physical characteristics remain the same is referred to as gender constancy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Explanations of sex-typed behavior as a result of reinforcement and punishment are consistent with ________ theories.

Accepted Answer

A)  physiological 
B)  cognitive 
C)  Freudian 
D)  social cognitive 
A)  physiological 
B)  cognitive 
C)  Freudian 
D)  social cognitive

Question 20

Studies of gender stereotypes indicate that males are perceived as expressive and females as instrumental in their behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The _________ refers to the child's knowledge of one sex or the other.

Levels of testosterone may be influenced by the environment as well as biological functions.For example,testosterone levels frequently increase after an aggressive encounter.This suggests that

What are some actual physical sex differences?

Cross-cultural research on gender stereotypes has revealed

Liam knows that he is a boy and that he will still be male when he grows up.Liam has acquired

According to the brain lateralization hypothesis,boys' brains mature more _ than girls' brains,and consequently male brains are _ specialized.

Discuss Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental theory of gender development.What are its essential elements? Does research support or refute Kohlberg's theory?

What are some actual sex differences in cognition?

What factors can break the pattern of enacting gender stereotypes via sex-typed activities?

Gender stereotypes are

In _________ theories,gender is emphasized as a conceptual category,a way of classifying people on the basis of their overt appearance or behavior.

The only parental behavior that shows a significant impact on gender development is

A recent study showed that children's activity interests and leisure activities

For thirteen- to fifteen-year-olds who report attraction to members of the same sex,risks for depression,low self-esteem,and poor school performance start to become apparent.

The knowledge a child has about whether he or she is male or female,beginning at around two-and-a-half years of age,is referred to as gender

Explain what it means for children to be gender schematic or gender aschematic.

Explain the process known as lateralization of the brain and how it may be related to sex differences in cognition.

Children's understanding that their gender will not change if their behavior and physical characteristics remain the same is referred to as gender constancy.

Explanations of sex-typed behavior as a result of reinforcement and punishment are consistent with ________ theories.

Studies of gender stereotypes indicate that males are perceived as expressive and females as instrumental in their behavior.

Themes and Theories

Studying Child Development

Genetics and Heredity

The Prenatal Period and Birth

Brain, Motor Skill, and Physical Development

Basic Learning and Perception

Language

Cognition

Social Cognition

Achievement

Emotion

Self and Values

The Family

Peers

Beyond Family and Peers

Filters

Exam 13: Gender

The _________ refers to the child's knowledge of one sex or the other.

Levels of testosterone may be influenced by the environment as well as biological functions.For example,testosterone levels frequently increase after an aggressive encounter.This suggests that

What are some actual physical sex differences?

Cross-cultural research on gender stereotypes has revealed

Liam knows that he is a boy and that he will still be male when he grows up.Liam has acquired

According to the brain lateralization hypothesis,boys' brains mature more _________ than girls' brains,and consequently male brains are _________ specialized.

Discuss Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental theory of gender development.What are its essential elements? Does research support or refute Kohlberg's theory?

What are some actual sex differences in cognition?

What factors can break the pattern of enacting gender stereotypes via sex-typed activities?

Gender stereotypes are

In _________ theories,gender is emphasized as a conceptual category,a way of classifying people on the basis of their overt appearance or behavior.

The only parental behavior that shows a significant impact on gender development is

A recent study showed that children's activity interests and leisure activities

For thirteen- to fifteen-year-olds who report attraction to members of the same sex,risks for depression,low self-esteem,and poor school performance start to become apparent.

The knowledge a child has about whether he or she is male or female,beginning at around two-and-a-half years of age,is referred to as gender

Explain what it means for children to be gender schematic or gender aschematic.

Explain the process known as lateralization of the brain and how it may be related to sex differences in cognition.

Children's understanding that their gender will not change if their behavior and physical characteristics remain the same is referred to as gender constancy.

Explanations of sex-typed behavior as a result of reinforcement and punishment are consistent with ________ theories.

Studies of gender stereotypes indicate that males are perceived as expressive and females as instrumental in their behavior.

Themes and Theories

Studying Child Development

Genetics and Heredity

The Prenatal Period and Birth

Brain, Motor Skill, and Physical Development

Basic Learning and Perception

Language

Cognition

Social Cognition

Achievement

Emotion

Self and Values

The Family

Peers

Beyond Family and Peers

Filters

According to the brain lateralization hypothesis,boys' brains mature more _ than girls' brains,and consequently male brains are _ specialized.