Question 1

Of the two components of the self described by William James,the "me" component is called the ________ self.

Accepted Answer

A)  objective 
B)  subjective 
C)  autonomous 
D)  reflective 
A)  objective 
B)  subjective 
C)  autonomous 
D)  reflective A

Question 2

According to social learning theory,punishment is most effective in ensuring that a child will not violate an adult's prohibition if punishment occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  just after the child violates the prohibition. 
B)  while the child is violating the prohibition. 
C)  after the child has violated the prohibition twice. 
D)  after the child shows repeated violations of the prohibition. 
A)  just after the child violates the prohibition. 
B)  while the child is violating the prohibition. 
C)  after the child has violated the prohibition twice. 
D)  after the child shows repeated violations of the prohibition. A

Question 3

What is the categorical self?

Accepted Answer

The categorical self is the classification of the self as belonging to certain groups based qualifiers,such as age or gender.

Question 4

In Kohlberg's theory,the third level of moral reasoning in which laws are seen as the result of a social contract and individual principles of conscience may emerge is called the _________ level.

Accepted Answer

A)  conventional 
B)  preconventional 
C)  postconventional 
D)  unconventional 
A)  conventional 
B)  preconventional 
C)  postconventional 
D)  unconventional

Question 5

A period of intense uncertainty about oneself and one's place in society is called

Accepted Answer

A)  egocentrism. 
B)  identity crisis. 
C)  negative attribution. 
D)  learned helplessness. 
A)  egocentrism. 
B)  identity crisis. 
C)  negative attribution. 
D)  learned helplessness.

Question 6

Kohlberg based his theory of moral development upon children's responses to

Accepted Answer

A)  games with formal rules and moral dilemmas. 
B)  dilemmas that forced a conflict between religion and law. 
C)  dilemmas that forced a conflict between a person in need and obeying authority to help the person. 
D)  games with formal rules,moral dilemmas,and dilemmas involving conflicts of many kinds. 
A)  games with formal rules and moral dilemmas. 
B)  dilemmas that forced a conflict between religion and law. 
C)  dilemmas that forced a conflict between a person in need and obeying authority to help the person. 
D)  games with formal rules,moral dilemmas,and dilemmas involving conflicts of many kinds.

Question 7

Researchers have concluded that prosocial behavior is more likely in societies

Accepted Answer

A)  that hold individuals responsible for themselves. 
B)  that emphasize individualism and self-reliance. 
C)  with a strong group orientation. 
D)  that are more urban than rural. 
A)  that hold individuals responsible for themselves. 
B)  that emphasize individualism and self-reliance. 
C)  with a strong group orientation. 
D)  that are more urban than rural.

Question 8

When Tyrone broke his leg and needed to use crutches to get around,his brother Tyrelle offered to carry his book bag for him in school.Tyrelle did not ask Tyrone for anything in return,especially since he knew that Tyrone was upset that he would miss the next few weeks of baseball.Tyrelle's behavior exemplifies

Accepted Answer

A)  empathy. 
B)  altruism. 
C)  moralism. 
D)  hedonism. 
A)  empathy. 
B)  altruism. 
C)  moralism. 
D)  hedonism.

Question 9

The realization of being an independent,unique,and stable entity with the ability to inwardly ascribe beliefs,knowledge,feelings,and characteristics is called an understanding of

Accepted Answer

A)  self. 
B)  empathy. 
C)  altruism. 
D)  reflection. 
A)  self. 
B)  empathy. 
C)  altruism. 
D)  reflection.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children who watch an adult perform a prohibited act are more likely to perform that act themselves. 
B)  Children are more likely to follow a model's deviant behavior than his or her compliant behavior. 
C)  Children who observe an adult who resists temptation will commit fewer transgressions. 
D)  All of these. 
A)  Children who watch an adult perform a prohibited act are more likely to perform that act themselves. 
B)  Children are more likely to follow a model's deviant behavior than his or her compliant behavior. 
C)  Children who observe an adult who resists temptation will commit fewer transgressions. 
D)  All of these.

Question 11

Children with low discrepancy and low social support displayed the lowest levels of self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Models are more powerful in inhibiting than disinhibiting a behavior that violates a rule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Paul is only four and a half years old,and he loves football.He is excited to be going to a football game with his dad and hopes to meet many other football fans.Paul's view of himself as belonging to a group with a similar interest in football indicates that he has established a(n)________ self.

Accepted Answer

A)  social 
B)  categorical 
C)  personal 
D)  inner 
A)  social 
B)  categorical 
C)  personal 
D)  inner

Question 14

According to social learning theory,moral values are acquired

Accepted Answer

A)  as any other behavior is,through rewards,benefits,and modeling. 
B)  through unique,domain-specific learning schemas. 
C)  via cognitive reasoning. 
D)  as social demands are internalized to reduce psychological tension. 
A)  as any other behavior is,through rewards,benefits,and modeling. 
B)  through unique,domain-specific learning schemas. 
C)  via cognitive reasoning. 
D)  as social demands are internalized to reduce psychological tension.

Question 15

When asked why she did not yell at her sister for wrecking her car,Laura responded that if she were to yell at her sister,her family would be very upset and think she was selfish because her sister could have been killed in the accident.Kohlberg would place Laura in the _________ stage of moral development.

Accepted Answer

A)  conventional 
B)  preconventional 
C)  postconventional 
D)  unconventional 
A)  conventional 
B)  preconventional 
C)  postconventional 
D)  unconventional

Question 16

Suppose you are a teacher who is interested in promoting the development of prosocial reasoning and behavior among your students.What specific techniques would you use based on the research findings on this topic?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary,but should d

Question 17

Individual differences in helpfulness exist.Children who show prosocial behaviors are better able to

Accepted Answer

A)  take the perspective of others. 
B)  show a wide range of emotional behaviors. 
C)  ignore others signs of distress. 
D)  focus on their own uncomfortable feelings rather than others. 
A)  take the perspective of others. 
B)  show a wide range of emotional behaviors. 
C)  ignore others signs of distress. 
D)  focus on their own uncomfortable feelings rather than others.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a child recognizing that people can have multiple or opposing selves?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kimberly observed that Jenny,her very best friend,could also be her worst enemy at times. 
B)  Sam was shocked to hear that his brother was good at playing both baseball and basketball. 
C)  Amy realized that her mother was not only her mom,but she was also a daughter herself. 
D)  Tyler agreed that scary movies can be both scary and fun at the same time. 
A)  Kimberly observed that Jenny,her very best friend,could also be her worst enemy at times. 
B)  Sam was shocked to hear that his brother was good at playing both baseball and basketball. 
C)  Amy realized that her mother was not only her mom,but she was also a daughter herself. 
D)  Tyler agreed that scary movies can be both scary and fun at the same time.

Question 19

Children with _________ tend to minimize the value of the domains in which they are not skilled and maximize the satisfaction they gain from their areas of strength.

Accepted Answer

A)  high self-esteem 
B)  low self-esteem 
C)  a reflective orientation 
D)  a mastery orientation 
A)  high self-esteem 
B)  low self-esteem 
C)  a reflective orientation 
D)  a mastery orientation

Question 20

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development is most similar to

Accepted Answer

A)  learning theory's emphasis on reinforcement and punishment as effective forces in shaping the child's behavior. 
B)  Freud's emphasis on the development of the ego and superego. 
C)  Darwin's theory of evolution and his emphasis on the adaptability of the individual. 
D)  Piaget's emphasis on the relationship between thinking capabilities and shifts in moral reasoning. 
A)  learning theory's emphasis on reinforcement and punishment as effective forces in shaping the child's behavior. 
B)  Freud's emphasis on the development of the ego and superego. 
C)  Darwin's theory of evolution and his emphasis on the adaptability of the individual. 
D)  Piaget's emphasis on the relationship between thinking capabilities and shifts in moral reasoning.

Of the two components of the self described by William James,the "me" component is called the ________ self.

According to social learning theory,punishment is most effective in ensuring that a child will not violate an adult's prohibition if punishment occurs

What is the categorical self?

In Kohlberg's theory,the third level of moral reasoning in which laws are seen as the result of a social contract and individual principles of conscience may emerge is called the _________ level.

A period of intense uncertainty about oneself and one's place in society is called

Kohlberg based his theory of moral development upon children's responses to

Researchers have concluded that prosocial behavior is more likely in societies

The realization of being an independent,unique,and stable entity with the ability to inwardly ascribe beliefs,knowledge,feelings,and characteristics is called an understanding of

Which of the following statements is true?

Children with low discrepancy and low social support displayed the lowest levels of self-esteem.

Models are more powerful in inhibiting than disinhibiting a behavior that violates a rule.

Paul is only four and a half years old,and he loves football.He is excited to be going to a football game with his dad and hopes to meet many other football fans.Paul's view of himself as belonging to a group with a similar interest in football indicates that he has established a(n)________ self.

According to social learning theory,moral values are acquired

Suppose you are a teacher who is interested in promoting the development of prosocial reasoning and behavior among your students.What specific techniques would you use based on the research findings on this topic?

Individual differences in helpfulness exist.Children who show prosocial behaviors are better able to

Which of the following is an example of a child recognizing that people can have multiple or opposing selves?

Children with _________ tend to minimize the value of the domains in which they are not skilled and maximize the satisfaction they gain from their areas of strength.

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development is most similar to

Themes and Theories

Studying Child Development

Genetics and Heredity

The Prenatal Period and Birth

Brain, Motor Skill, and Physical Development

Basic Learning and Perception

Language

Cognition

Social Cognition

Achievement

Emotion

Gender

The Family

Peers

Beyond Family and Peers

Filters

Exam 12: Self and Values

Of the two components of the self described by William James,the "me" component is called the ________ self.

According to social learning theory,punishment is most effective in ensuring that a child will not violate an adult's prohibition if punishment occurs

What is the categorical self?

In Kohlberg's theory,the third level of moral reasoning in which laws are seen as the result of a social contract and individual principles of conscience may emerge is called the _________ level.

A period of intense uncertainty about oneself and one's place in society is called

Kohlberg based his theory of moral development upon children's responses to

Researchers have concluded that prosocial behavior is more likely in societies

The realization of being an independent,unique,and stable entity with the ability to inwardly ascribe beliefs,knowledge,feelings,and characteristics is called an understanding of

Which of the following statements is true?

Children with low discrepancy and low social support displayed the lowest levels of self-esteem.

Models are more powerful in inhibiting than disinhibiting a behavior that violates a rule.

Paul is only four and a half years old,and he loves football.He is excited to be going to a football game with his dad and hopes to meet many other football fans.Paul's view of himself as belonging to a group with a similar interest in football indicates that he has established a(n)________ self.

According to social learning theory,moral values are acquired

Suppose you are a teacher who is interested in promoting the development of prosocial reasoning and behavior among your students.What specific techniques would you use based on the research findings on this topic?

Individual differences in helpfulness exist.Children who show prosocial behaviors are better able to

Which of the following is an example of a child recognizing that people can have multiple or opposing selves?

Children with _________ tend to minimize the value of the domains in which they are not skilled and maximize the satisfaction they gain from their areas of strength.

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development is most similar to

Themes and Theories

Studying Child Development

Genetics and Heredity

The Prenatal Period and Birth

Brain, Motor Skill, and Physical Development

Basic Learning and Perception

Language

Cognition

Social Cognition

Achievement

Emotion

Gender

The Family

Peers

Beyond Family and Peers

Filters