Question 1

According to classical-conditioning theory,phobias develop as the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural learning 
B)  biological preparedness 
C)  specification of a fear experience 
D)  generalization of a fear experience 
A)  cultural learning 
B)  biological preparedness 
C)  specification of a fear experience 
D)  generalization of a fear experience

Question 2

What is a conditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)  an innate response 
B)  a response that has been learned 
C)  an automatic response 
D)  a reflex 
A)  an innate response 
B)  a response that has been learned 
C)  an automatic response 
D)  a reflex

Question 3

Research by Shepard Siegel and colleagues has shown that tolerance to a drug's effects is most likely to be greatest in which setting?

Accepted Answer

A)  where the drug is most frequently used 
B)  where the drug has not been used before 
C)  tolerance is generally the same under all locations 
D)  none of the above 
A)  where the drug is most frequently used 
B)  where the drug has not been used before 
C)  tolerance is generally the same under all locations 
D)  none of the above

Question 4

When humans feel threatened,they tend to freeze first and then run.This reaction is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned aversion 
B)  the equipotentiality principle 
C)  biological preparedness 
D)  the law of effect 
A)  conditioned aversion 
B)  the equipotentiality principle 
C)  biological preparedness 
D)  the law of effect

Question 5

Which of the following items would most likely be defined as a primary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  a new set of china dishes 
B)  a bottle of water 
C)  a vacation 
D)  money 
A)  a new set of china dishes 
B)  a bottle of water 
C)  a vacation 
D)  money

Question 6

What psychological principle did Pavlov's experiments teach us?

Accepted Answer

A)  They demonstrated how a neutral stimulus can trigger the same response as a natural reflex. 
B)  They demonstrated that all biological responses must be elicited by natural reflexes to stimuli. 
C)  They demonstrated how learning could take place without the presence of punishment. 
D)  They demonstrated that complex behaviors, such as fear of a stimulus, can be learned observationally. 
A)  They demonstrated how a neutral stimulus can trigger the same response as a natural reflex. 
B)  They demonstrated that all biological responses must be elicited by natural reflexes to stimuli. 
C)  They demonstrated how learning could take place without the presence of punishment. 
D)  They demonstrated that complex behaviors, such as fear of a stimulus, can be learned observationally.

Question 7

Memes are to genes as:

Accepted Answer

A)  culture is to society 
B)  nurture is to nature 
C)  biology is to neurons 
D)  DNA is to RNA 
A)  culture is to society 
B)  nurture is to nature 
C)  biology is to neurons 
D)  DNA is to RNA

Question 8

Learning involves all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in behavior 
B)  consequences of actions 
C)  associations between events 
D)  maturation 
A)  changes in behavior 
B)  consequences of actions 
C)  associations between events 
D)  maturation

Question 9

Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are similar in that both:

Accepted Answer

A)  produce an increase in the probability of a behavior 
B)  produce a decrease in the probability of a behavior 
C)  involve the administration of a stimulus 
D)  involve the removal of a stimulus 
A)  produce an increase in the probability of a behavior 
B)  produce a decrease in the probability of a behavior 
C)  involve the administration of a stimulus 
D)  involve the removal of a stimulus

Question 10

In order for Pavlovian learning to occur,what must the conditioned stimulus have been paired with?

Accepted Answer

A)  an unconditioned response 
B)  a conditioned response 
C)  an unconditioned stimulus 
D)  a consequence 
A)  an unconditioned response 
B)  a conditioned response 
C)  an unconditioned stimulus 
D)  a consequence

Question 11

In conditioning birds and rats,you find that it is easier to condition birds with vision-relevant stimuli than with taste-relevant stimuli,and it is easier to condition rats with taste-relevant stimuli than with vision-relevant stimuli.These results are true because:

Accepted Answer

A)  unlike rats, birds rely on vision more than taste for food selection 
B)  birds are the only species that lack the ability for learned food aversions 
C)  unlike rats, birds have no taste buds 
D)  birds and rats evolved separately 
A)  unlike rats, birds rely on vision more than taste for food selection 
B)  birds are the only species that lack the ability for learned food aversions 
C)  unlike rats, birds have no taste buds 
D)  birds and rats evolved separately

Question 12

What is the term used by behaviorists to describe the gradual forming of an association between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization 
B)  discrimination 
C)  deviation 
D)  acquisition 
A)  generalization 
B)  discrimination 
C)  deviation 
D)  acquisition

Question 13

Skinner's earliest work was conducted with rats in:

Accepted Answer

A)  mazes 
B)  shoe boxes 
C)  cages 
D)  operant chambers 
A)  mazes 
B)  shoe boxes 
C)  cages 
D)  operant chambers

Question 14

What is the name commonly applied to the type of learning that Skinner studied?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  antecedent learning 
D)  optional learning 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  antecedent learning 
D)  optional learning

Question 15

Taking away a child's video games for bad behavior is a form of:

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment 
A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment

Question 16

What is a Skinner box?

Accepted Answer

A)  a diagram of reward contingencies 
B)  a special criblike device Skinner used for raising his children 
C)  a special kind of rat maze 
D)  a chamber used for testing animal learning 
A)  a diagram of reward contingencies 
B)  a special criblike device Skinner used for raising his children 
C)  a special kind of rat maze 
D)  a chamber used for testing animal learning

Question 17

Who believed that conditioning processes were the basis for how animals learned to adapt to their environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  John Locke 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  Ivan Pavlov 
D)  Edward Thorndike 
A)  John Locke 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  Ivan Pavlov 
D)  Edward Thorndike

Question 18

Pavlov was interested in how long salivation would occur once food no longer followed the metronome.What is the name of this behavioral process he studied?

Accepted Answer

A)  salivary reflexes 
B)  generalization 
C)  discrimination 
D)  extinction 
A)  salivary reflexes 
B)  generalization 
C)  discrimination 
D)  extinction

Question 19

The Rescorla-Wagner cognitive model of conditioning does NOT explain why:

Accepted Answer

A)  a conditioned stimulus that occurs before the unconditioned stimulus is optimal for learning 
B)  a delay between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is optimal for learning 
C)  evolutionarily significant conditioned stimuli are easier to condition 
D)  the conditioned stimulus needs to be a good predictor of the unconditioned stimulus 
A)  a conditioned stimulus that occurs before the unconditioned stimulus is optimal for learning 
B)  a delay between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is optimal for learning 
C)  evolutionarily significant conditioned stimuli are easier to condition 
D)  the conditioned stimulus needs to be a good predictor of the unconditioned stimulus

Question 20

According to your text,what characteristics must a punishment have to be effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  unexpected, unpleasant, immediate 
B)  unexpected, painful, continuous 
C)  reasonable, pleasant, immediate 
D)  reasonable, unpleasant, immediate 
A)  unexpected, unpleasant, immediate 
B)  unexpected, painful, continuous 
C)  reasonable, pleasant, immediate 
D)  reasonable, unpleasant, immediate

According to classical-conditioning theory,phobias develop as the result of:

What is a conditioned response?

Research by Shepard Siegel and colleagues has shown that tolerance to a drug's effects is most likely to be greatest in which setting?

When humans feel threatened,they tend to freeze first and then run.This reaction is an example of:

Which of the following items would most likely be defined as a primary reinforcer?

What psychological principle did Pavlov's experiments teach us?

Memes are to genes as:

Learning involves all of the following EXCEPT:

Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are similar in that both:

In order for Pavlovian learning to occur,what must the conditioned stimulus have been paired with?

In conditioning birds and rats,you find that it is easier to condition birds with vision-relevant stimuli than with taste-relevant stimuli,and it is easier to condition rats with taste-relevant stimuli than with vision-relevant stimuli.These results are true because:

What is the term used by behaviorists to describe the gradual forming of an association between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus?

Skinner's earliest work was conducted with rats in:

What is the name commonly applied to the type of learning that Skinner studied?

Taking away a child's video games for bad behavior is a form of:

What is a Skinner box?

Who believed that conditioning processes were the basis for how animals learned to adapt to their environments?

Pavlov was interested in how long salivation would occur once food no longer followed the metronome.What is the name of this behavioral process he studied?

The Rescorla-Wagner cognitive model of conditioning does NOT explain why:

According to your text,what characteristics must a punishment have to be effective?

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Exam 6: Learning

According to classical-conditioning theory,phobias develop as the result of:

What is a conditioned response?

Research by Shepard Siegel and colleagues has shown that tolerance to a drug's effects is most likely to be greatest in which setting?

When humans feel threatened,they tend to freeze first and then run.This reaction is an example of:

Which of the following items would most likely be defined as a primary reinforcer?

What psychological principle did Pavlov's experiments teach us?

Memes are to genes as:

Learning involves all of the following EXCEPT:

Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are similar in that both:

In order for Pavlovian learning to occur,what must the conditioned stimulus have been paired with?

In conditioning birds and rats,you find that it is easier to condition birds with vision-relevant stimuli than with taste-relevant stimuli,and it is easier to condition rats with taste-relevant stimuli than with vision-relevant stimuli.These results are true because:

What is the term used by behaviorists to describe the gradual forming of an association between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus?

Skinner's earliest work was conducted with rats in:

What is the name commonly applied to the type of learning that Skinner studied?

Taking away a child's video games for bad behavior is a form of:

What is a Skinner box?

Who believed that conditioning processes were the basis for how animals learned to adapt to their environments?

Pavlov was interested in how long salivation would occur once food no longer followed the metronome.What is the name of this behavioral process he studied?

The Rescorla-Wagner cognitive model of conditioning does NOT explain why:

According to your text,what characteristics must a punishment have to be effective?

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Well-Being

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters