Question 1

The best definition of learning is that learning:

Accepted Answer

A)  results entirely from maturation rather than experience 
B)  must result in adaptation of behavior, but does not have to be enduring 
C)  always results in adaptations in behavior 
D)  is relatively enduring and results from experience 
A)  results entirely from maturation rather than experience 
B)  must result in adaptation of behavior, but does not have to be enduring 
C)  always results in adaptations in behavior 
D)  is relatively enduring and results from experience

Question 2

If getting $1 for every correct answer on this test makes you study harder,being given $1 would be a form of:

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment 
A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment

Question 3

Which factor may account for the relation between children's observing violence in the media and their later likelihood of showing aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)  The children learn how to be aggressive. Without media, they would not know how to be aggressive. 
B)  Media reinforce the children's biological tendency toward aggression. 
C)  Individuals who engage in violence in the media are typically rewarded, and thus the observing children are also vicariously reinforced. 
D)  There is no relation between observing violence in the media and the later likelihood of showing aggression. 
A)  The children learn how to be aggressive. Without media, they would not know how to be aggressive. 
B)  Media reinforce the children's biological tendency toward aggression. 
C)  Individuals who engage in violence in the media are typically rewarded, and thus the observing children are also vicariously reinforced. 
D)  There is no relation between observing violence in the media and the later likelihood of showing aggression.

Question 4

You are conducting an informal study in which,for a month,you play a particular song for your best friend right before you serve dinner to her.Eventually,you play the song,and then wait to see how your friend responds.She begins to salivate and says she has hunger pains.In this scenario,what is the unconditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  the song 
B)  the food 
C)  the time of day 
D)  salivation 
A)  the song 
B)  the food 
C)  the time of day 
D)  salivation

Question 5

Watson's study of Little Albert was one of the first studies on what clinical phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  overeating 
B)  phobias 
C)  OCD 
D)  ADHD 
A)  overeating 
B)  phobias 
C)  OCD 
D)  ADHD

Question 6

The term _____ is used to describe intermittent or occasional reinforcements.

Accepted Answer

A)  partial reinforcement 
B)  continuous reinforcement 
C)  positive reward 
D)  negative punishment 
A)  partial reinforcement 
B)  continuous reinforcement 
C)  positive reward 
D)  negative punishment

Question 7

The process by which an individual needs increasing amounts of the drug to achieve the same psychological or physical effects is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  addiction 
B)  tolerance 
C)  sensitization 
D)  withdrawal 
A)  addiction 
B)  tolerance 
C)  sensitization 
D)  withdrawal

Question 8

If you wanted your dog to stop barking unnecessarily,which of the following is the best possible approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  a positive reinforcer when the dog is barking 
B)  a negative reinforcer when the dog is barking 
C)  a positive punishment when the dog is quiet 
D)  a negative reinforcer when the dog is quiet 
A)  a positive reinforcer when the dog is barking 
B)  a negative reinforcer when the dog is barking 
C)  a positive punishment when the dog is quiet 
D)  a negative reinforcer when the dog is quiet

Question 9

What is a conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  something that naturally elicits a response 
B)  something that elicits a response only after learning 
C)  a previously extinct stimulus 
D)  a second-order pairing of learned relations 
A)  something that naturally elicits a response 
B)  something that elicits a response only after learning 
C)  a previously extinct stimulus 
D)  a second-order pairing of learned relations

Question 10

A startling noise will always cause the human eye to blink.If one has learned to associate a blue light with a startling noise,what is the resulting blue-light-elicited eye blink known as?

Accepted Answer

A)  an unconditioned stimulus 
B)  a conditioned response 
C)  an unconditioned response 
D)  a conditioned stimulus 
A)  an unconditioned stimulus 
B)  a conditioned response 
C)  an unconditioned response 
D)  a conditioned stimulus

Question 11

Behaviorism has helped psychologists gain an understanding of drug tolerance by showing that:

Accepted Answer

A)  cues in the environment predictive of the drug can produce physiological reactions similar to actions of the drug 
B)  increased levels of reward produced by the drug itself become needed for responding to any reinforcement over time 
C)  punishment is an effective but controversial treatment for overcoming drug withdrawal 
D)  drug therapies such as methadone need to be conditioned to be effective 
A)  cues in the environment predictive of the drug can produce physiological reactions similar to actions of the drug 
B)  increased levels of reward produced by the drug itself become needed for responding to any reinforcement over time 
C)  punishment is an effective but controversial treatment for overcoming drug withdrawal 
D)  drug therapies such as methadone need to be conditioned to be effective

Question 12

You are conducting an informal study in which,for a month,you play a particular song just before you serve dinner to your best friend.Eventually,you play just the song to see what will happen,and your friend begins to salivate and says that she has hunger pains.In this scenario,what is the unconditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)  salivation in response to food 
B)  salivation in response to the song 
C)  hunger pains in response to the song 
D)  salivation to either the food or the song 
A)  salivation in response to food 
B)  salivation in response to the song 
C)  hunger pains in response to the song 
D)  salivation to either the food or the song

Question 13

The Rescorla-Wagner model of the cognitive components of conditioning states that the strength of the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus association depends on how _____ the unconditioned stimulus is.

Accepted Answer

A)  rewarding 
B)  evolutionarily significant 
C)  fearful 
D)  unexpected 
A)  rewarding 
B)  evolutionarily significant 
C)  fearful 
D)  unexpected

Question 14

You are driving to school when suddenly an ambulance rushes past you with its sirens blaring,shocking you so much that you fear that you might lose control of your car.A minute later,you hear sirens in the distance and increase your vigilance to be prepared for another emergency vehicle on the road.What change has come over your normal reaction to sirens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hebbian learning 
B)  sensitization 
C)  habituation 
D)  fight-or-flight response 
A)  Hebbian learning 
B)  sensitization 
C)  habituation 
D)  fight-or-flight response

Question 15

The school of behaviorism was based on the belief that:

Accepted Answer

A)  anything can be learned by any living organism 
B)  animals and humans are born with the potential to learn just about anything 
C)  behavior is conditioned, unlike cognitions of the mind 
D)  animals learn via behavioral principles, whereas humans learn via cognitive principles 
A)  anything can be learned by any living organism 
B)  animals and humans are born with the potential to learn just about anything 
C)  behavior is conditioned, unlike cognitions of the mind 
D)  animals learn via behavioral principles, whereas humans learn via cognitive principles

Question 16

How might behavioral techniques help treat phobias?

Accepted Answer

A)  by removing the central nucleus of the amygdala 
B)  by conditioning a new unconditioned stimulus to the conditioned response, thus removing the initial conditioning 
C)  by systematically desensitizing the threat through the introduction of new conditioned responses 
D)  by punishing unwanted conditioned responses to the phobic unconditioned stimulus 
A)  by removing the central nucleus of the amygdala 
B)  by conditioning a new unconditioned stimulus to the conditioned response, thus removing the initial conditioning 
C)  by systematically desensitizing the threat through the introduction of new conditioned responses 
D)  by punishing unwanted conditioned responses to the phobic unconditioned stimulus

Question 17

Thorndike's rule that actions resulting in good outcomes will be repeated and bad outcomes will not be repeated is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  mass action rule 
B)  law of effect 
C)  tenet of behavioral reciprocity 
D)  operant theory of cognition 
A)  mass action rule 
B)  law of effect 
C)  tenet of behavioral reciprocity 
D)  operant theory of cognition

The best definition of learning is that learning:

If getting $1 for every correct answer on this test makes you study harder,being given $1 would be a form of:

Which factor may account for the relation between children's observing violence in the media and their later likelihood of showing aggression?

Watson's study of Little Albert was one of the first studies on what clinical phenomenon?

The term _____ is used to describe intermittent or occasional reinforcements.

The process by which an individual needs increasing amounts of the drug to achieve the same psychological or physical effects is known as:

If you wanted your dog to stop barking unnecessarily,which of the following is the best possible approach?

What is a conditioned stimulus?

A startling noise will always cause the human eye to blink.If one has learned to associate a blue light with a startling noise,what is the resulting blue-light-elicited eye blink known as?

Behaviorism has helped psychologists gain an understanding of drug tolerance by showing that:

The Rescorla-Wagner model of the cognitive components of conditioning states that the strength of the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus association depends on how _____ the unconditioned stimulus is.

The school of behaviorism was based on the belief that:

How might behavioral techniques help treat phobias?

Thorndike's rule that actions resulting in good outcomes will be repeated and bad outcomes will not be repeated is known as the:

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Research Methodology

Biology and Behavior

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Human Development

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Exam 6: Learning

The best definition of learning is that learning:

If getting $1 for every correct answer on this test makes you study harder,being given $1 would be a form of:

Which factor may account for the relation between children's observing violence in the media and their later likelihood of showing aggression?

Watson's study of Little Albert was one of the first studies on what clinical phenomenon?

The term _____ is used to describe intermittent or occasional reinforcements.

The process by which an individual needs increasing amounts of the drug to achieve the same psychological or physical effects is known as:

If you wanted your dog to stop barking unnecessarily,which of the following is the best possible approach?

What is a conditioned stimulus?

A startling noise will always cause the human eye to blink.If one has learned to associate a blue light with a startling noise,what is the resulting blue-light-elicited eye blink known as?

Behaviorism has helped psychologists gain an understanding of drug tolerance by showing that:

The Rescorla-Wagner model of the cognitive components of conditioning states that the strength of the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus association depends on how _____ the unconditioned stimulus is.

The school of behaviorism was based on the belief that:

How might behavioral techniques help treat phobias?

Thorndike's rule that actions resulting in good outcomes will be repeated and bad outcomes will not be repeated is known as the:

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Well-Being

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters