Exam 7: Wide Area Networks

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____ means that a telephone company connects residential users to its network with fiber-optic cable.

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A(n) ____________________ uses TDM (time division multiplexing) over two wire to divide a single channel into multiple channels.

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T-carrier

List and describe the key strengths of SONET.

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Its four key strengths are that it can integrate many other WAN technologies, it offers fast data transfer rates, it allows for simple link additions and removals, and it provides a high degree of fault tolerance.

Define and describe a PSTN.

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____ is an updated, digital version of X.25 that also relies on packet switching.

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Explain how a cable modem is utilized in broadband cable connections.

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The ____ encompasses the entire telephone system, from the wires that enter homes and businesses to the network centers that connect different regions of a country.

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Describe the most important advantage of SONET.

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Because WAN connections require routers or other Layer 3 devices to connect locations, their links are not capable of carrying ____ protocols.

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In a star topology, a single connection failure will halt all traffic between all sites.

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The speed of a T-carrier depends on its ____ level.

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____________________ encapsulates incoming Ethernet or token ring frames, then converts them into ATM cells for transmission over an ATM network.

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WANs typically send data over ____ available communications networks.

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ATM is a WAN technology that functions in the Data Link layer.

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Define a fractional T1 and explain why an organization might implement it.

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A(n) ____________________ node in synchronous communications recognizes that it should be receiving data by looking at the time on the clock.

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____________________ are connections between network nodes that, although based on potentially disparate physical links, logically appear to be direct, dedicated links between those nodes.

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Describe an important difference between frame relay and X.25.

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SONET specifies framing and multiplexing techniques at the Physical layer.

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The individual geographic locations connected by a WAN are known as ____.

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