Exam 7: The Control of Action

Corticospinal fibers originate primarily in the

The supplementary motor area (SMA)is found in the parietal lobe,just posterior to the primary motor cortex.

Parkinson's disease results from cell death in the _________,which is a part of the _________.

Lesions to two of the cerebellum's three primary regions can lead to clumsy erratic movements and hypermetria.However,the first of these areas,the ________,is involved primarily in regulating actual motor performance,whereas the second area,the ________,is involved primarily in the planning of movement.

With time,people who experience a hemiplegia typically experience a full recovery.

Activity in the premotor cortex reflects not only the trajectory of a movement but also the context in which the movement occurs.

When a voluntary movement such as contracting one's right biceps is generated,what other signals,if any,must accompany this command?

Single-cell recording studies of the motor control of reaching movements have demonstrated that neurons in the motor cortex are selectively active based on the

Simple reflexive motor responses to external stimuli rely primarily on the function of the ________,whereas motor behaviors that are only minimally dependent on such external cues rely primarily on the function of the ________.

Using single-cell recording,a researcher isolates a neuron in the motor cortex of a monkey that is extremely active when the monkey moves its arm from left to right.In subsequent trials,the animal is required to move its arm from the starting to the ending locations diagrammed here. Which,if any,of these additional trials will also increase activity in this neuron?

Where are the primary motor cortex,the premotor cortex,and the supplementary motor area located in the brain? What do we know about the different functions of these three areas?

Neurons in each half of the cerebellum synapse on ________ targets in the thalamus and other subcortical structures,and therefore regulate the effectors on the ________ side of the body.

A diagnosis of apraxia is mainly exclusionary: A person is said to have apraxia if he or she has a coordination problem that can't be linked to a deficit in controlling the muscles themselves.

In the days following her stroke,Patient E cannot refrain from reaching out and grasping nearby objects even when she has been asked not to do so.This syndrome probably is the result of the abnormal dominance of the

What is a population vector? How do population vectors play a role in the initiation of a movement?

The primary interaction of muscles and the nervous system involves the alpha motor neurons,which originate in the ________,exit through the ________,and terminate in the muscles.

Single axons of the corticospinal tract can extend for more than 1 meter.

The loss of a motor skill that cannot be attributed to hemiplegia,muscle weakness,sensory deficits,or motivation is called

Heilman and colleagues (1982)asked patients to choose the appropriate manual gesture for a given activity,such as slicing a loaf of bread with a knife or unlocking a door with a key.The different gestures were performed by an actor on video.Which of the following best summarizes the results of this study?

________ seem(s)particularly important in the control and planning of complex motor sequences as opposed to simple movements.