Exam 51: Cognitively and Developmentally Challenged Persons

_____ is a mild form of autism characterized by impairment in social interactions without significant problems in language, cognitive ability, or age-appropriate developmental skills; persons are socially awkward, do not understand the use of gestures, lack empathy, avoid eye contact, and seem unengaged.

The use of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse is commonly prescribed for clients with disabilities to help control oral biofilm and gingivitis. It can be administered via an oral irrigator, a spray, or a swab.

The dental hygienist must determine the need for prophylactic antibiotic premedication based on current guidelines in persons with Down syndrome, because congenital heart disease is common in this population.

_____ is considered an atypical form of autism in which some but not all classic signs are observed, therefore not meeting the criteria for a specific diagnosis; characterized by varying degrees of impairment in communication skills and social interactions, sensitivities to sights and sounds, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior

_____ is a form of autism that develops in children who initially seem normal; after at least 2 years of normal development, the child exhibits a dramatic loss of vocabulary, language, motor, and social skills.

All of the following are oral manifestations that can be observed in clients with Down syndrome except:

Malocclusion is rarely corrected in patients with Down syndrome because if a cross-bite is corrected, an earlier tissue breakdown may occur as a result of the underdeveloped maxilla and its relation to basal bone. Lingual movement of mandibular teeth is difficult because of their large, protruding tongues.

Effective communication leads to a trusting relationship, which in turn allows the oral healthcare experience to be successful for both client and clinician. Frequently caregivers are able to suggest behavioral guidance to achieve a pleasant dental experience.

When formulating a care plan for clients with profound ID, the dental hygienist must educate the caregiver about the daily oral care regime and his or her own oral self-care, because a caregiver is usually responsible for the client's daily general and oral care.

All of the following are oral manifestations that can be observed in clients with intellectual disabilities except: