Exam 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Which of the following children is the most likely to express disbelief in the Tooth Fairy?

Anneli's 4-year-old daughter manipulates sounds within words and enjoys rhyming games. Anneli's daughter is demonstrating

After putting on a Halloween mask and looking at their reflection in a mirror, young preschoolers often are wary. This is because they have a fragile understanding of

In Mr. Naffie's Vygotskian classroom, he guides children's learning with explanations, demonstrations, and verbal prompts, tailoring his interventions to each child's zone of proximal development. This is an example of the Vygotskian principle of

Some researchers have suggested that children with autism are __________ and, therefore, deficient in human sociability.

Three-year-old Stacy pretends to make a grocery list while in the car on the way to the grocery store. This activity reflects Stacy's

When Moses says, "My ball is a circle," his father relies, "Yes, your basketball is round, just like a circle." Moses's father's response is an example of

Which of the following is most likely to be among a child's first categories?

Four-year-old Paytin is shown a plate of cookies. She is told that there are 10 cookies on the plate. She watches as several cookies are added to or removed from the plate. Paytin's sensible prediction as to how many cookies are left on the plate displays her understanding of

As Sunni plays, she says: "Where's the cup? I want the cup. Oh, there it is. Now, I need the spoon." Sunni is engaging in what researchers now call __________ speech.

Tripp pretends to drink from a toy cup. Tripp's sister, Anna, takes the same cup and tells Tripp, "This is a hat." Tripp refuses to place the cup on his head to pretend that it is a hat. Tripp is probably

According to the _________ approach, young children rely on word meanings to figure out grammatical rules.

Montessori schools

Explain what Piaget's famous conservation tasks reveal about preoperational children's thinking.

In Dino's preschool classroom, teachers evaluate each child's educational progress in relation to his or her previous development, rather than on the basis of normative standards, or average performance of same-age peers. This preschool emphasizes the Piagetian principle of

When Sadie says, "I goed to the store," her mother replies, "Yes, you went to the store." Sadie's mother's response is an example of

A wealth of recent research suggests that Piaget ________ preschoolers' cognitive capabilities.

According to the principle of mutual exclusivity bias, toddlers

During a ________ task, 4-year-old Marissa is asked whether there are more oranges or fruits in a group of two apples, one banana, and three oranges. She will most likely say ________.

How are a Piagetian and Vygotskian classroom similar? How do they differ?