Chat with AIExam 14: Nonparametric Statistics
What is a nonparametric statistic and when should it be used?
(31) 
VerifiedA nonparametric statistic is one that is not based on the assumption that the data are normally distributed. So whenever the data violate the assumption of normality (e.g., when the variables in the analysis are categorical rather than interval/ratio), it is appropriate to calculate nonparametric statistics.
What kind of variables are appropriate for use in a chi-square test of independence?
(40) VerifiedThis test is designed for use when there are two categorical, or nominal, variables.
What is the purpose of conducting a chi-square test of independence?
(32) VerifiedTo determine whether the division of the sample into different categories of one categorical variable are independent of the categories on the other categorical variable. This test allows researchers to determine whether cases are over-represented or under-represented in various categories of a variable, relative to the representation one would expect to get by chance alone.
What kind of parametric statistic is a Mann-Whitney U test analogous to?
(37) What kind of parametric statistic is a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test analogous to?
(29) Suppose that I have been hired by a large company to investigate an employee's accusation that there are more men than women in the higher-paying, upper management level positions within the company. I select a random sample of 100 male and 100 female employees and find out how many of each gender are in entry level, middle management, or upper management positions within the company. I get the data that a presented in the table below:
Entry level Middle management Upper management Row Total Women 50 30 20 100 Men 35 35 30 100 Column Total 85 65 50 200 a. Calculate the expected frequencies for each cell in the table.
b. Using the formula in Table 14.5, find the values needed to calculate the
c. Calculate the χ2 value and decide whether it is statistically significant.
(41) What kind of parametric statistic is a Kruskal-Wallis test analogous to?
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