Question 1

Which of the following samples would produce a nearly normal distribution?

Accepted Answer

A)  The number of men and women in the country 
B)  Incomes in a small company with many low-level employees and two high-paid executives 
C)  Heights of all adult men in America 
D)  Scores on a very easy test 
A)  The number of men and women in the country 
B)  Incomes in a small company with many low-level employees and two high-paid executives 
C)  Heights of all adult men in America 
D)  Scores on a very easy test

Question 2

Cases of spurious correlations are typically explained in terms of _______ variables that are _______ two correlated variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent; distinct from 
B)  independent; unaffected by 
C)  confounding; independent of 
D)  confounding; affecting 
A)  independent; distinct from 
B)  independent; unaffected by 
C)  confounding; independent of 
D)  confounding; affecting

Question 3

The main purpose of inferential statistics is to

Accepted Answer

A)  adjust analyses to improve validity. 
B)  account for variability within a population. 
C)  decide whether the standard deviation is skewed by outliers. 
D)  estimate a characteristic of a population based on a sample. 
A)  adjust analyses to improve validity. 
B)  account for variability within a population. 
C)  decide whether the standard deviation is skewed by outliers. 
D)  estimate a characteristic of a population based on a sample.

Question 4

A meta-analysis is

Accepted Answer

A)  a combination of results from many related studies. 
B)  an alternative to the strong inference approach. 
C)  the most common analysis in correlational research. 
D)  the most common analysis in experimental research. 
A)  a combination of results from many related studies. 
B)  an alternative to the strong inference approach. 
C)  the most common analysis in correlational research. 
D)  the most common analysis in experimental research.

Question 5

In a test of a new medication for schizophrenia, doctors allow patients to decide if they want to take the new medication or stick with their current medication. This is problematic because it creates an issue with

Accepted Answer

A)  frequency distributions. 
B)  effect size. 
C)  informed consent. 
D)  group equivalence. 
A)  frequency distributions. 
B)  effect size. 
C)  informed consent. 
D)  group equivalence.

Question 6

A researcher wants to study stress and coping in students transitioning into middle school. Students _______ would be the most representative sample.

Accepted Answer

A)  taking remedial math 
B)  selected at random from a homeroom course 
C)  receiving detention during their first week 
D)  seeking support from the guidance counselor 
A)  taking remedial math 
B)  selected at random from a homeroom course 
C)  receiving detention during their first week 
D)  seeking support from the guidance counselor

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions :
  
-The data support the statement that the _______ group has a greater mean and a _______ standard deviation.

Accepted Answer

A)  control; greater 
B)  experimental; greater 
C)  control; lower 
D)  experimental; lower 
A)  control; greater 
B)  experimental; greater 
C)  control; lower 
D)  experimental; lower

Question 8

Although very few people would admit to a belief that men make better hires than women, several experiments show that men are more likely to be hired than women with identical résumés. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  explicit bias. 
B)  unconscious bias. 
C)  poor validity. 
D)  negative skew. 
A)  explicit bias. 
B)  unconscious bias. 
C)  poor validity. 
D)  negative skew.

Question 9

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest correlation between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  -0.85 
B)  -0.10 
C)  +0.25 
D)  +0.70 
A)  -0.85 
B)  -0.10 
C)  +0.25 
D)  +0.70

Question 10

Effect size

Accepted Answer

A)  is typically identical to statistical significance. 
B)  is typically identical to sample size. 
C)  refers to the magnitude of the difference between groups. 
D)  refers to the variance within the control group. 
A)  is typically identical to statistical significance. 
B)  is typically identical to sample size. 
C)  refers to the magnitude of the difference between groups. 
D)  refers to the variance within the control group.

Question 11

When administered to subjects in an experiment, a placebo is a treatment that

Accepted Answer

A)  is being subjected to rigorous testing. 
B)  has unpredictable medical effects. 
C)  is believed to be free of medical effects. 
D)  has different effects on different groups. 
A)  is being subjected to rigorous testing. 
B)  has unpredictable medical effects. 
C)  is believed to be free of medical effects. 
D)  has different effects on different groups.

Question 12

In a typical controlled experiment designed to test the effects of a new drug, _______ will be administered to the _______ group.

Accepted Answer

A)  only the placebo; control 
B)  only the placebo; experimental 
C)  the drug and the placebo; control 
D)  the drug and the placebo; experimental 
A)  only the placebo; control 
B)  only the placebo; experimental 
C)  the drug and the placebo; control 
D)  the drug and the placebo; experimental

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions :
  
-For the figure above, which statement concerning the relationship between the rate of traffic accidents and umbrella sales is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The letter x represents a confounding variable. 
B)  The letter z represents a confounding variable. 
C)  The letters x and y represent confounding variables. 
D)  The letters x, y, and z represent confounding variables. 
A)  The letter x represents a confounding variable. 
B)  The letter z represents a confounding variable. 
C)  The letters x and y represent confounding variables. 
D)  The letters x, y, and z represent confounding variables.

Question 14

The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee is responsible for all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluating the rationale for a proposed study. 
B)  ensuring researchers have minimized animal stress and pain. 
C)  inspecting animal care facilities. 
D)  collecting blood and tissue samples from research animals. 
A)  evaluating the rationale for a proposed study. 
B)  ensuring researchers have minimized animal stress and pain. 
C)  inspecting animal care facilities. 
D)  collecting blood and tissue samples from research animals.

Question 15

A measure of conscientiousness produces very similar scores each time a person repeats the exercise, but it doesn't predict whether a person is reliable in everyday life. This measure appears to be

Accepted Answer

A)  reliable and valid. 
B)  valid but not reliable. 
C)  reliable but not valid. 
D)  neither reliable nor valid. 
A)  reliable and valid. 
B)  valid but not reliable. 
C)  reliable but not valid. 
D)  neither reliable nor valid.

Question 16

Compared to experimental research, survey research is limited because it

Accepted Answer

A)  relies more on the honesty and accurate memories of participants. 
B)  is more expensive and time-consuming. 
C)  tends to produce less-representative samples. 
D)  generates more non-linear data. 
A)  relies more on the honesty and accurate memories of participants. 
B)  is more expensive and time-consuming. 
C)  tends to produce less-representative samples. 
D)  generates more non-linear data.

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions :
  
-Which of the following statements, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion that the treatment is effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Statistical analyses reveal a p-value of only 0.01. 
B)  There is reason to believe that the placebo contains a substance that might tend to weaken performance. 
C)  The researcher who scored the tests was unaware of which tests were completed by control group members. 
D)  Subjects in the control group were told they were receiving an effective form of treatment. 
A)  Statistical analyses reveal a p-value of only 0.01. 
B)  There is reason to believe that the placebo contains a substance that might tend to weaken performance. 
C)  The researcher who scored the tests was unaware of which tests were completed by control group members. 
D)  Subjects in the control group were told they were receiving an effective form of treatment.

Question 18

Which of the following research methods would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between political orientation and belief in climate change?

Accepted Answer

A)  Survey research 
B)  Case study research 
C)  Naturalistic observation 
D)  Experimental research 
A)  Survey research 
B)  Case study research 
C)  Naturalistic observation 
D)  Experimental research

Question 19

Professor Durkin predicts that because we attribute positive qualities to attractive people, attractive children get away with misbehaving more often than unattractive children do. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a theory. 
B)  a hypothesis. 
C)  Occam's razor. 
D)  a spurious correlation. 
A)  a theory. 
B)  a hypothesis. 
C)  Occam's razor. 
D)  a spurious correlation.

Question 20

You feel sick after eating leftovers you found in the back of the refrigerator. Occam's razor would favor the hypothesis that you have

Accepted Answer

A)  food poisoning. 
B)  been poisoned by your roommate. 
C)  stomach cancer. 
D)  contracted swine flu. 
A)  food poisoning. 
B)  been poisoned by your roommate. 
C)  stomach cancer. 
D)  contracted swine flu.

Which of the following samples would produce a nearly normal distribution?

Cases of spurious correlations are typically explained in terms of _ variables that are _ two correlated variables.

The main purpose of inferential statistics is to

A meta-analysis is

In a test of a new medication for schizophrenia, doctors allow patients to decide if they want to take the new medication or stick with their current medication. This is problematic because it creates an issue with

A researcher wants to study stress and coping in students transitioning into middle school. Students _______ would be the most representative sample.

Use the following to answer questions : -The data support the statement that the _ group has a greater mean and a _ standard deviation.

Although very few people would admit to a belief that men make better hires than women, several experiments show that men are more likely to be hired than women with identical résumés. This is an example of

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest correlation between two variables?

Effect size

When administered to subjects in an experiment, a placebo is a treatment that

In a typical controlled experiment designed to test the effects of a new drug, _ will be administered to the _ group.

Use the following to answer questions : -For the figure above, which statement concerning the relationship between the rate of traffic accidents and umbrella sales is correct?

The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee is responsible for all of the following except

A measure of conscientiousness produces very similar scores each time a person repeats the exercise, but it doesn't predict whether a person is reliable in everyday life. This measure appears to be

Compared to experimental research, survey research is limited because it

Use the following to answer questions : -Which of the following statements, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion that the treatment is effective?

Which of the following research methods would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between political orientation and belief in climate change?

Professor Durkin predicts that because we attribute positive qualities to attractive people, attractive children get away with misbehaving more often than unattractive children do. This is an example of

You feel sick after eating leftovers you found in the back of the refrigerator. Occam's razor would favor the hypothesis that you have

Introduction: Principles of Psychology

The Neuroscience of Behavior

Genes, Environment, and Behavior

Developmental Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Language and Cognition

Intelligence

Motivation and the Regulation of Behavior

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Personality

Social Psychology

Clinical Psychology

Filters

Exam 2: Psychology As a Science

Which of the following samples would produce a nearly normal distribution?

Cases of spurious correlations are typically explained in terms of _______ variables that are _______ two correlated variables.

The main purpose of inferential statistics is to

A meta-analysis is

In a test of a new medication for schizophrenia, doctors allow patients to decide if they want to take the new medication or stick with their current medication. This is problematic because it creates an issue with

A researcher wants to study stress and coping in students transitioning into middle school. Students _______ would be the most representative sample.

Use the following to answer questions : -The data support the statement that the _______ group has a greater mean and a _______ standard deviation.

Although very few people would admit to a belief that men make better hires than women, several experiments show that men are more likely to be hired than women with identical résumés. This is an example of

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest correlation between two variables?

Effect size

When administered to subjects in an experiment, a placebo is a treatment that

In a typical controlled experiment designed to test the effects of a new drug, _______ will be administered to the _______ group.

Use the following to answer questions : -For the figure above, which statement concerning the relationship between the rate of traffic accidents and umbrella sales is correct?

The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee is responsible for all of the following except

A measure of conscientiousness produces very similar scores each time a person repeats the exercise, but it doesn't predict whether a person is reliable in everyday life. This measure appears to be

Compared to experimental research, survey research is limited because it

Use the following to answer questions : -Which of the following statements, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion that the treatment is effective?

Which of the following research methods would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between political orientation and belief in climate change?

Professor Durkin predicts that because we attribute positive qualities to attractive people, attractive children get away with misbehaving more often than unattractive children do. This is an example of

You feel sick after eating leftovers you found in the back of the refrigerator. Occam's razor would favor the hypothesis that you have

Introduction: Principles of Psychology

The Neuroscience of Behavior

Genes, Environment, and Behavior

Developmental Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Language and Cognition

Intelligence

Motivation and the Regulation of Behavior

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Personality

Social Psychology

Clinical Psychology

Filters

Cases of spurious correlations are typically explained in terms of _ variables that are _ two correlated variables.

Use the following to answer questions : -The data support the statement that the _ group has a greater mean and a _ standard deviation.

In a typical controlled experiment designed to test the effects of a new drug, _ will be administered to the _ group.