Exam 9: Memory

Craik and Lockhart did not adhere to the notion that memory consists of separate stores and stages such as STM and LTM. Instead they proposed that

When the personal experience attached to the factual knowledge is forgotten and only the fact remains, the memory is

Misattribution and false memory are two examples of memory distortion. Describe one piece of research that supports each concept. Then describe the state of the "recovered memory" controversy.

Sensory memory serves two functions: It "collects" sensory information and briefly holds it for possible further processing in memory, and it allows us to perceive the world as a

These keys to retrieving information can be in the form of an external reminder or internal thought process.

All of the following are examples of episodic memories, EXCEPT:

Any time you pay attention to a sight, sound, feeling, idea, or piece of information- either automatically or as a conscious decision-that information is transferred to

If STM can be thought of as whatever appears on the screen of your computer at any given moment, then long-term memory represents

The fact that information must be repeated-known as maintenance rehearsal-in order to remain in short-term memory is evidence that short-term storage is

The primacy and recency effects that result from recall tasks involving lists of words are evidence against

Craik and Lockhart (1975) demonstrated that words which had been encoded _were recalled more readily than words encoded _________or _

Supporters of the idea of distinct memory systems claim that this serial position effect is evidence of the existence of a separate short-term memory store

Stephen Ceci created a series of studies showing that even under very gentle, non-coercive forms of repetitious questioning and suggestion, small children could be induced to

This system of memory is fleeting and consists of two categories, the iconic and echoic stores.

Although fragments of memories and isolated images of events that occur between the ages of 3 and 4 are sometimes available to adults, coherent episodic memories are not usually available for events prior to the fourth birthday. This is known as

All of the following memory accounts might qualify as flashbulb memories, EXCEPT:

By learning a series of nonsense syllables and repeatedly testing his memory for them, Hermann Ebbinghause demonstrated that most of the "action" in forgetting occurs quickly after the event. That effect is known as

Which of the following best describes the information held in sensory memory?

In this type of interference, a memory that one has formed in the past interferes with the retrieval of a new memory-particularly if the new information is in some way similar to the old

Memory and learning are considered to be two sides of the same coin. Describe two examples of the overlap of the two processes in the brain.